582 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



The hilum and lamella? are not so distinct, and evi- 

 dences of a lamellar structure are not so persistent as 

 in JV. monarch. Gelatinization proceeds according to 

 two methods. That seen in the majority of the grains 

 corresponds in all essentials to that found in a majority 

 of the grains of JV. monarch; the differences noted are 

 that the particles of the primary starch are somewhat less 

 apt to remain clumped together as the rest of the grain 

 swells. The stria? which divide the secondary starch are 

 more distinct, and the lamellation less distinct, than in 

 JV. monarch. The second method corresponds to that 

 seen in a minority of the grains of JV. monarch and the 

 differences are that the material distal to the 2 furrows 

 and the hilum is more definitely granular and the stria- 

 tion of the material at the proximal end is more definite, 

 while the lamellation is less so. The gelatinized grains 

 are more swollen, have thin capsules, and are more dis- 

 torted than in JV. monarch. 



The reaction with sulphuric acid begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 90 per cent of 

 the entire number of grains and 96 per cent of the total 

 starch in 2 minutes, and in more than 99 per cent of 

 the grains and total starch in 5 minutes. (Chart D 334.) 



The hilum becomes distinct, accompanied by the for- 

 mation of a rather small bubble in a moderate number of 

 grains, and the lamellae are not distinct at first, but dur- 

 ing the reaction become more distinct. Gelatinization 

 begins in the interior of the grain and progresses accord- 

 ing to two methods. In the great majority of the grains 

 two furrows or fissures are seen to extend transversely 

 from the hilum on either side to the margin, and the 

 portion which is immediately around the hilum and 

 which is a primary starch formation is partially divided 

 from the rest of the starch distal to the furrows, which 

 is a secondary starch formation by a fissure. The second- 

 ary starch distal to the furrow is now divided into por- 

 tions by concentric fissures which separate the lamella? 

 from one another. The secondary starch now gelatinizes 

 with much swelling and distortion of the capsule and the 

 primary starch gelatinizes also from without inward, the 

 last part to be gelatinized being the hilum. The portion 

 of the secondary starch proximal to the furrows mean- 

 while is not gelatinized, and as the grain swells forms a 

 homogeneous-looking band at the proximal margin. 

 This, after the rest of the grain is completely gelatinized, 

 gelatinizes slowly. The second method is the same as the 

 first, except that there is no distinction between the 

 primary and secondary starches, and the whole grain 

 is gelatinized, as is the secondary starch, by the first 

 method. The gelatinized grains are much swollen, have 

 rather thin capsules, and are considerably distorted. 



Comparison of the sulphuric-acid reactions between 

 JV. madame de qraaff and JV. monarch shows: 



A bubble is formed at the hilum somewhat more 

 frequently than in JV. monarch, and the lamellae are some- 

 what more distinct at first than in that starch. Gela- 

 tinization progresses according to two methods. The 

 first, which is seen in a large majority of the grains, 

 does not resemble closely either of the methods described 

 in JV. monarch. The grains are divided into primary and 

 secondary starches. The primary starch may become 

 homogeneous in appearance or be divided into cylindrical 

 granules and is gelatinized as a separate part at the 

 same time that the secondary starch is gelatinized, instead 



of later as in JV. monarch. The secondary starch, how- 

 ever, as in JV. monarch, is divided by concentric fissures 

 into portions corresponding to the lamella? preliminary 

 to gelatinization. The second method is the same as the 

 second method described in JV. monarch. The gela- 

 tinized grains are more swollen, have thinner capsules, 

 and are more distorted, than in JV. monarch. 



Narcissus lord Roberts (Hybrid). 



(Plate 14, fig. 81 ; Charts D 329 to D 334.) 

 Histologic Properties. 



In form the grains are usually simple and isolated, 

 but there are as many aggregates and more compound 

 grains than in JV. monarch, and many more than in JV. 

 madame de graaff. The compound grains belong to 

 the two types, and the aggregates are of the same charac- 

 ter, as those described under JV. monarch. The grains 

 are as seldom irregular and the irregularities are due to 

 the same causes as in JV. monarch. There is a smaller 

 number of simple grains than in either parent which give 

 evidence of a primary and a secondary period of starch 

 formation, in which respect the hybrid is closer to JV. 

 monarch. The conspicuous forms are ovoid, plano-con- 

 vex, triangular, and lenticular. The additional form's 

 are irregularly quadrilateral, elliptical, clam-shell-shaped, 

 dome-shaped, and pyriform. In form JV. lord roberts 

 shows a closer relationship to JV. monarch than to JV. 

 madame de graaff. 



The hilum, when not fissured, is not very distinct, 

 as in JV. monarch, and it is more often and more deeply 

 and extensively fissured than in either parent, and, there- 

 fore, in this respect resembles JV. monarch more than 

 JV. madame de graaff. The fissures have the following 

 forms: (1) T-, Y-, and V-shaped, and cruciate forms; 

 (2) a single straight or curved transverse, oblique, or 

 longitudinal line; (3) a flying-bird form; (4) an irregu- 

 larly stellate collection of fissures. The hilum is some- 

 times centric, but in the majority of the grains it is 

 eccentric from 0.45 to 0.3, usually 0.33, of the longitu- 

 dinal axis. In the character and eccentricity of the hilum 

 JV. lord roberts shows a closer relationship to JV. mon- 

 arch than to JV. madame de graaff. 



The lamellw are visible in as many grains and are as 

 distinct and as fine as in JV. madame de graaff. The 

 number counted on some of the larger grains varies from 

 8 to 16, usually 12. In the character of the lamella? JV. 

 lord roberts shows a closer relationship to JV. madame 

 de graaff than to JV. monarch. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 4 by 4/i, to the larger which are 36 by 46/i, in length 

 and breadth. The common sizes are 24 by 26^, 30 by 

 24/t, and 24 by 24/*.. In size JV. lord roberts shows a 

 closer relationship to JV. madame de graaff than to JV. 

 monarch. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure, as in JV. monarch, is often not distinct 

 and is never well defined. The lines cross at angles of 

 widely varying size, and are somewhat less often bent 

 and bisected than in JV. monarch, but as often as in JV. 

 madame de graaff. The figure is as often in the form of 

 a conjugate hyperbola, or of a long line bisected at both 

 ends, as in JV. madame de graaff. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 37), the same as JV. madame de graaff, and less 





