LILIUM. 



601 



about 3 per cent of the entire number of grains and 10 

 per cent of the total starch in 1 minute; in about 53 per 

 cent of the grains and 76 per cent of the total starch in 

 3 minutes; in about 62 per cent of the grains and 81 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 87 per 

 cent of the grains and 92 per cent of the total starch in 

 15 minutes; and in about 90 per cent of the grains and 

 95 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes. (Chart 

 D353.) 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 45 

 per cent of the entire number of grains and 63 per cent 

 of the total starch in 30 seconds ; in about 78 per cent 

 of the grains and 91 per cent of the total starch in 1 

 minute; and in about 98 per cent of the grains and in 

 more than 99 per cent of the total starch in 3 minutes. 



LlLIUM MACULATUM (POLLEN PARENT). 



(Plates 16 and 16, figs. 89 and 92; Charts D 347 to D 353.) 



Histologic Properties. 



In form the grains are usually simple and isolated. 

 There are fewer compound grains and aggregates than in 

 L. martagon album. The compound grains belong to the 

 same type as in that starch. The grains are usually regu- 

 lar, but somewhat more often irregular than in L. marta- 

 gon album. The irregularities are due to the same causes 

 as in that starch, to which may be added that caused by a 

 secondary set of lamella? whose longitudinal axis is at 

 right angle with those of the primary grain. The con- 

 spicuous forms are narrow and broad pyriform, elon- 

 gated ovoid, narrow and broad triangular with curved 

 base and rounded angles, and clam-shell-shaped. The 

 additional forms are elongated elliptical with squared 

 distal end, almost round, and dome-shaped. The forms 

 of the grains are somewhat less varied, broader, and less 

 pointed than in L. martagon album. As in that starch, 

 the broad forms are somewhat flattened, and when viewed 

 on edge have an elongated ovoid form. 



The hilum is more distinct than in L. martagon 

 album, and much more often fissured. It is, however, 

 somewhat less often occupied by a cavity than in that 

 starch. The fissures have the form of a single, short, 

 straight, transverse line, which is also seen in L. mar- 

 tagon album. The hilum is eccentric from 0.32 to 0.1, 

 usually 0.15, of the longitudinal axis. It is somewhat 

 more eccentric than that of L. martagon album. 



The lamella are less fine and somewhat more distinct 

 than in L. martagon album; otherwise they have the 

 same characteristics and arrangements as in that starch. 

 The number counted on the larger grains varies from 

 30 to 58, usually 38, less numerous than in L. martagon 

 album. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 5 by 4/* in length and breadth, to the larger elongated 

 forms which are 50 by 36/*, and the larger broader forms 

 which are 50 by 55/* and 50 by 48/*, in length and breadth. 

 The common sizes are 30 by 24/* and 28 by 20/x in length 

 and breadth. On the whole, they are broader absolutely 

 and proportionately to length than in the other parent. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure is as distinct but often not quite so well 

 defined as in L. martagon album. The lines are not so 

 thin, and form a more acute angle at their intersection. 

 15 



They are, as in L. martagon album, not often bent, and 

 rarely bisected. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 50), much less than in L. martagon album, as 

 there were fewer grains in which it was high and more 

 in which it was moderate. There is less variation in a 

 given aspect of an individual grain than in that starch. 



With selenite the quadrants are not so clear-cut, and 

 are somewhat more unequal in size, but no more irregu- 

 lar in shape than in L. martagon album. The colors, 

 unlike those of the grains of L. martagon album, are 

 usually not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all 

 color a moderate blue-violet (value 55), less than in L. 

 martagon album. The color deepens rapidly until it is 

 very deep and has more of a bluish tint. With 0.125 

 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a light blue- 

 violet, less than in L. martagon album, and the color 

 deepens rapidly until it is deep and has assumed more 

 of a bluish tint. After heating in water until all the 

 grains are completely gelatinized and then treating with 

 a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, most of the gelatinized 

 grains color a light indigo, less than in L. martagon 

 album, and some do not color at all and the solution 

 colors a very deep indigo, more than with L. martagon 

 album. If the preparation is boiled for 2 minutes and 

 then treated with an excess of a 2 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion, a moderate number of the grain-residues color a 

 very light indigo, less than in L. martagon album, and 

 the greater number do not color at all except the cap- 

 sules. The capsules all color a reddish violet or violet 

 instead of red or reddish violet as in L. martagon album, 

 and the solution is colored a very deep indigo. 



Aniline Reactions. 



With gentian violet the grains all color very lightly 

 at once, and in 30 minutes most of the grains are lightly 

 to moderately and a few moderately to deeply colored 

 (value 45), less than in L. martagon album. The grains 

 are colored more at the distal end than at the proximal 

 end. 



With safranin the grains all color very lightly at once, 

 and in 30 minutes they are lightly to moderately or mod- 

 erately to deeply colored (value 45), less than in L. mar- 

 tagon album. The grains are colored more at the distal 

 than the proximal end. 



Temperature Reactions. 

 The temperature of gelatinization of the majority of 

 the grains is 57° to 58° C, and of all is 60° to 62° C. 

 The mean is 61° C. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



The reaction with chloral hydrate begins in 30 sec- 

 onds. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 40 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 82 per cent of 

 the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 82 per cent of the 

 grains and 97 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes ; 

 and in more than 99 per cent of the grains and total 

 starch in 30 minutes. (Chart D 347.) 



The hilum becomes distinct, attended by the forma- 

 tion of a bubble in a large minority of the grains — many 

 more than in L. martagon album. The lamella? are not 

 visible. The grains become more refractive ; the first part 



