606 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



and in about 98 per cent of the grains and in more than 

 99 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes. (Chart 

 D353.) 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 82 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 9-1 per cent of 

 the total starch in 30 seconds, and in about 98 per cent 

 of the grains and in more than 99 per cent of the total 

 starch in 1 minute. 



26. Starches of Lilium martagon, L. maculatum, 



AND L. DALHANSONI. 



Starch of Lilium maculatum (pollen parent) is de- 

 scribed on pages 601 to 603. 



Lilium martagon (Seed Parent). 



(Plate 16, fig. 91 ; Charts D 354 to D 360.) 

 Histologic Properties. 



In form the grains are usually simple and isolated. 

 A very few compound grains are seen and no aggregates. 

 The compound grains all belong to one type: 2 small 

 grains, each consisting of a hilum and 2 or 3 lamella?, 

 become adherent and are surrounded by 20 to 40 common 

 secondary lamellae so that they lie at the proximal end of 

 a large grain. The smaller grains and the majority 

 of the common-sized grains are regular, and the larger 

 grains often somewhat irregular, in form. The irregu- 

 larities are due to the following causes : (1) Small irregu- 

 lar elevations and depressions of the distal surface and 

 margin, associated with which there is often a narrow, 

 rather shallow notch in the center of the distal margin ; 

 (2) a shifting of the longitudinal axis of the grain, with 

 a resulting curvature in the middle or at the distal end 

 of the grain; (3) a large rounded or pointed protuberance 

 from the side, or the distal or proximal end; (4) a sec- 

 ondary set of lamellae whose longitudinal axis is placed at 

 an angle varying from 90° to 40° with the axis of the 

 primary grain. The conspicuous forms are elongated 

 ovoid with flattened distal end, broad pyriform, and len- 

 ticular with sharp or blunt ends. The additional forms 

 are almost round, oyster-shell-shaped, narrow pyriform, 

 irregularly quadrilateral and triangular, and club- 

 shaped. The grains are not flattened, but some of the 

 broad triangular and quadrilateral forms when seen on 

 edge have an elongated ovoid shape. 



The hilum is a moderately distinct, round, rarely 

 lenticular-shaped spot. It is usually not fissured, and 

 when it is fissured the fissures are not deep or extensive. 

 They have the following forms: (1) A small, straight, 

 transverse line; (2) an irregularly stellate arrangement 

 of a number of short fissures. The hilum is eccentric 

 from 0.26 to 0.06, usually 0.11, of the longitudinal axis. 



The lamella: are usually fine and moderately distinct. 

 Those around the hilum are continuous and oval or round 

 in shape. The remaining lamellae have the form of the 

 outline of the grain and appear to be incomplete. There 

 is usually one broad refractive lamella located at about 

 one-half to two-thirds of the distance from the hilum 

 to the distal margin which separates the fine and mod- 

 erately distinct lamellae of the proximal part of the grain 

 from the less fine and more distinct lamella? of the distal 

 portion. In a moderate number of grains there are 4 or 5 

 broad highly refractive lamella? which separate the fine 



lamella? into bands of varying breadth. The number of 

 lamella? counted on the larger grains varies from 20 to 

 50, usually 30. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 7 by 6ju, to the larger which are 50 by 36/t and, rarely, 

 55 by 55/x, in length and breadth. The common sizes are 

 30 by 15/i and 30 by 24/n. 



Comparison of the histologic properties between L. 

 maculatum and L. martagon shows : 



Form: There are very few compound grains and 

 no aggregates, and the compound grains are of the same 

 type as in L. martagon. The grains are more regular 

 than in L. martagon, but the irregularities which do occur 

 are due to the same causes as in that starch, to which 

 may be added the greater development of one part of the 

 distal end than the rest. Broad forms are more numer- 

 ous than in L. martagon, and therefore more grains are 

 somewhat flattened. When viewed on edge these grains 

 have a regular ovoid form as in L. martagon. 



The hilum is more distinct than in L. martagon and 

 much more often fissured. The fissures have the follow- 

 ing forms: (1) A refractive cavity from either side of 

 which 2 delicate fissures extend obliquely toward the 

 distal end; (2) a single, short, straight, transverse line.- 

 The hilum is somewhat less eccentric than in L. mar- 

 tagon, usually 0.15, of the longitudinal axis. 



The lamella are less fine, more distinct, and less nu- 

 merous than in L. martagon, but are otherwise the same 

 in character and arrangement as those of that starch. 



In size the grains are about the same, but usually 

 somewhat broader than those of L. martagon, the com- 

 mon sizes are 30 by 24/* and 28 by 20/1 in length and 

 breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure is distinct and usually well defined. The 

 lines cross at a very acute angle which does not vary 

 much in size in the different grains. They are often 

 very much bent, but are rarely if ever bisected. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 60) . There are very few grains in which it is low 

 and many in which it is moderate or high. There is 

 rarely any variation in a given aspect of an individual 

 grain. 



With selenite the quadrants are well defined, very 

 unequal in size, and often irregular in shape. The colors 

 are usually pure, the blue more often than the yellow. In 

 the small grains they are not pure. 



Comparison of the polariscopic properties between 

 L. maculatum and L. martagon shows : 



The figure is as distinct, but is not so well defined, as 

 in L. martagon. The lines cross at less of an acute angle, 

 and are somewhat less often bent, than in L. martagon. 



The degree of polarization varies from low to high 

 (value 50), less than in L. martagon, as it is high in 

 fewer grains and moderate in more grains than in that 

 starch. There is rarely any variation in a given aspect 

 of an individual grain. 



With selenite the quadrants are not so well defined, 

 less unequal in size, and not so irregular in shape, as in 

 L. martagon. The colors also are less often pure. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all 

 color a moderate to deep blue-violet (value 60). The 



