GLADIOLUS. 



681 



per cent of the grains and 15 per cent of the total starch 

 in 30 minutes; in about 9 per cent of the grains and 

 16 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes; in about 

 9 per cent of the grains and 18 per cent of the total 

 starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 476.) 



The reaction with uranium nitrate begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 4 per 

 cent of the grains and 6 per cent of the total starch in 15 

 minutes ; in about 5 per cent of the grains and 8 per cent 

 of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 6 per cent of 

 the grains and 9 per cent of the total starch in 45 min- 

 utes ; in about the same percentage of both the grains and 

 total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 477.) 



The reaction with strontium nitrate begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 4 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 10 per cent of 

 the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 9 per cent of the 

 grains and 19 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; 

 in about 19 per cent of the grains and 30 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes; in about 33 per cent of the 

 grains and 42 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes ; 

 in about 37 per cent of the grains and 46 per cent of the 

 total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 478.) 



The reaction with cobalt nitrate begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 0.5 per cent of the grains and 1 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes; in about 1 per cent of the 

 grains and 2 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; 

 in about 2 per cent of the grains and 3 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes; little if any further advance 

 occurs in 45 and 60 minutes, respectively. (Chart 

 D479.) 



The reaction with copper nitrate begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 2 per cent of the entire number of grains and 5 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 4 per 

 cent of the grains and 8 per cent of the total starch in 

 15 minutes; in about 6 per cent of the grains and 11 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 6 

 per cent of the grains and 13 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes; in about 7 per cent of the grains and 14 

 per cent of total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 480.) 

 The reaction with cupric chloride begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 2 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 3 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 3 

 per cent of the grains and 5 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes ; in about 4 per cent of the grains and 6 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 5 per 

 cent of the grains and 8 per cent of the total starch in 

 45 minutes; in about 5 per cent of the grains and 10 per 

 cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 481.) 

 The reaction with barium chloride begins in rare 

 grains in half a minute. Complete gelatinization occurs 

 in about 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 

 1 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 2 

 per cent of the grains and 3 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; in about 2 per cent of the grains and a 

 slight advance of the total starch in 30 minutes ; in about 

 3 per cent of the grains and 4 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes; slight advance in the grains and about 

 5 per cent of total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 482.) 

 20 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 2 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; in about 3 per 

 cent of the grains and 5 per cent of the total starch in 15 

 minutes; in about 4 per cent of the grains and 6 per cent 

 of the total starch in 30 minutes; slight advance in the 

 grains and 7 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes; 

 in about 5 per cent of the grains ami !) per cent of the 

 total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 483.) 



Gladiolus colvillei (Hybrid). 



(Plate 20, fig. 117; Charts D 463 to D 483.) 

 Histologic Properties. 

 In form most of the grains are simple and appear 

 as aggregates, usually of 2 to 8, rarely 14, components, 

 with "the exception of a few which are separated com- 

 ponents of aggregates or have remained isolated through- 

 out their life-history. A somewhat greater number of 

 separated and permanent isolated grains are found than 

 in G. cardinalis; not nearly so many separated grains, 

 but more permanently isolated forms than in G. tristis. 

 Compound grains of similar structure but in smaller 

 numbers are found, as in G. cardinalis, which grains were 

 not observed in G. tristis. Sharply defined pressure 

 facets are more numerous than in G. cardinalis, but much 

 less numerous than in G. tristis. The surface of the 

 grains is usually regular. The same irregularities may 

 be observed as noted for G. cardinalis, and they are 

 more irregular than in G. tristis. Both the conspicuous 

 and the additional forms of aggregates are the same as 

 in G. cardinalis; and with the exception of those in 

 linear arrangement, also the same as in G. tristis. The 

 conspicuous forms of separated grains and original iso- 

 lated grains are the same as in both parents, but a 

 greater number of large rounded grains is present. The 

 grains are not flattened. The grains of G. colvillei are 

 slightly nearer to G. cardinalis in form. There is not 

 much difference between the three starches. 



The hilum is a small, round, oval, or lenticular spot 

 which is slightly refractive, more refractive than in both 

 parents. Multiple hila are occasionally observed as in 

 G. cardinalis. The hilum is not fissured in most of the 

 grains, but clefts are slightly more numerous than in 

 both parents. A small rounded cavity is occasionally 

 present! as in G. cardinalis, it being, as a rule, somewhat 

 smaller and more regular than in G. tristis. The cleft 

 or clefts at the hilum and fissures proceeding from it are 

 of similar character to those of both parents, and are 

 more varied in arrangement than in either parent. The 

 hilum is either centric or has a range of eccentricity 

 from 0.45 to 0.25 ; commonly about 0.35, of the longitu- 

 dinal axis. 



In the eccentricity of the hilum the grains of G. col- 

 villei are nearer to G. tristis, but in the general charac- 

 ters of the hilum they are nearer to G. cardinalis. 



The lamella; are not always demonstrable but are 

 moderately distinct in some of the grains ; they can not 

 be seen in so many grains as in G. cardinalis, but are 

 more distinct than in G. tristis. The structure and the 

 arrangement are the same as in both parents, but the 

 one more distinct and coarser lamella and the refractive 

 border are demonstrable in more grains. The number 

 of the larger permanently isolated grains ranges from 18 



