712 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



of the grain, sometimes giving an irregularly fluted 

 appearance; (4) a secondary set of lamellae whose longi- 

 tudinal axis is at an angle with that of the primary set ; 

 (5) a greater development of one end or of one side of the 

 grain than the rest. The character of the irregularities is 

 closer to that of B. socotrana than to B. double white. 

 The conspicuous forms are elongated and short elliptical 

 with flattened distal end, round, nearly round. The 

 additional forms are triangular, ovoid, quadrilateral 

 with rounded angles, dome-shaped, and rod-shaped. The 

 broad forms are somewhat flattened as in both parents. 

 In form B. Julius shows a somewhat closer relationship 

 to B. socotrana than to B. double white. 



The hilum is not very distinct and is rarely fissured 

 as in B. socotrana. The fissures have the following 

 forms: (1) A single, short, straight line transversely or 

 obliquely placed; (2) an irregularly stellate arrange- 

 ment of fissures. The hilum is eccentric from 0.4 to 

 0.15, usually 0.2, of the longitudinal axis, which is 0.02 

 less eccentric than in B. socotrana and 0.05 more eccentric 

 than in B. double white. In the character and the eccen- 

 tricity of the hilum B. Julius shows a closer relationship 

 to B. socotrana than to B. double white. 



The lamella; are as distinct as in B. socotrana and not 

 so distinct as in B. double white, but otherwise have the 

 same character and arrangement as in B. double white. 

 The number counted on the larger grains varies from 

 20 to 40, usually 36, the same as in B. double white, and 

 slightly more than in B. socotrana. 



In the character and arrangement of the lamella? 

 B. Julius shows a somewhat closer relationship to B. 

 double white than to B. socotrana. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 4 by 4/t, to the larger which are 48 by 24/t, in length 

 and breadth. The common size is 24 by 14/*, which is 

 8/i shorter and the same breadth as in B. socotrana and 

 the same length and breadth as in the elongated common 

 forms of B. double white. 



In size B. Julius shows a closer relationship to B. 

 double white, and in proportion to B. socotrana. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure is as distinct and as well defined as in 

 B. socotrana. The lines are not so thick as in that 

 starch, but not so thin as in B. double white. They 

 cross at a right angle or at an acute angle which does not 

 vary greatly in size in the different grains as in B. 

 socotrana. They are as much bent and bisected as in 

 B. double white. 



The degree of polarization varies from moderate to 

 moderately high (value 60), the same as in B. socotrana 

 and 5 units more than in B. double iwhite. There is 

 but little variation in a given aspect of the individual 

 grains. 



With selenite the quadrants are as clear-cut as in 

 B. socotrana. They are not so unequal in size and 

 are more irregular in shape than in that starch, but the 

 same as in B. double white. The colors are as pure as in 

 B. socotrana. 



In the character of the figure the hybrid resembles 

 both parents equally, but in different respects. In the 

 degree of polarization and the appearances with selenite 

 it shows a closer relationship to B. socotrana than to B. 

 double white. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all 

 color a light to moderate violet (value 40), 10 units more 

 than B. socotrana and 15 units more than in B. double 

 white. With 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution the grains 

 are colored a light violet, more than in B. socotrana and 

 much more than in B. double white. After heating in 

 water until all the grains are completely gelatinized and 

 then treating with a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the 

 gelatinized grains all color a moderate indigo and the 

 solution a deep indigo as in B. double white. If the 

 preparation is boiled for 2 minutes and then treated with 

 an excess of a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, a small major- 

 ity only of the grain-residues color a light indigo, less 

 than in B. double white and much less than in B. soco- 

 trana; the capsules a moderate violet, and the solution a 

 very deep indigo as in B. double white. Qualitatively and 

 quantitatively the iodine reactions with the unheated 

 grains are closer to those of B. socotrana than B. double 

 white, but with the grains heated in water they are closer 

 to B. double white than to B. socotrana. 



Aniline Reactions. 



With gentian violet the grains all color lightly at 

 once, and in 30 minutes they are lightly to moderately or 

 deeply colored (value 45), 10 units more than in B. soco- 

 trana and 15 units more than in B. double white. 



With safranin the grains all color lightly at once, and 

 in 30 minutes they are moderately deeply colored (value 

 60), 5 units more than in B. socotrana and 10 units 

 more than in B. double white. 



In the reactions with aniline stains B. Julius shows a 



closer relationship to B. socotrana than to B. double 



white. 



Temperature Reactions. 



The temperature of gelatinization of the majority 

 of the grains is 65° to 66° C, and of all is 67° to 69° C, 

 mean 68° C, which is 5.25° C. higher than that of B. 

 double white and 13.4° C. lower than in B. socotrana. 

 The temperature of gelatinization of B. Julius is closer 

 to that of B. double tvhite than that of B. socotrana. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



The reaction with chloral hydrate begins immediately. 

 Complete gelatinization occurs in about 80 per cent of 

 the entire number of grains and 90 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes; in more than 99 per cent of 

 both the grains and total starch in 10 minutes. (Chart 

 D533.) 



The hilum is more distinct than in either parent, in 

 this respect more closely resembling B. double white 

 than B. socotrana. The lamella? are invisible, as in both 

 parents. The grains become more refractive after the 

 addition of the reagent, and the first part of the grain 

 to show this change is a rather narrow band at the margin 

 which is as narrow and no more refractive than in B. 

 double white. Gelatinization begins at the corners of 

 the distal margin and proceeds in most grains as in 

 B. double white, but in some according to the method 

 described for the majority of the grains of B. socotrana. 

 The gelatinized grains are much swollen, have as thin 

 capsules as in B. socotrana, and are as much distorted 

 as in both parents. In this reaction B. Julius shows 

 qualitatively a somewhat closer relationship to B. double 

 white than to B. socotrana. 



