828 



MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS OF PLANTS. 



the lower cuticle $ , on the transverse section of the leaf 

 at the midrib ; length of the epidermal cells at the middle 

 of the flower-stalk S ; length of the club-shaped hairs on 

 the lower epidermis of the dorsal sepal at the midrib $ ; 

 width of the upper epidermal cells at the base of the 

 labelluni 9 ; width of the lower epidermal cells at the 

 base of the labellum 9 . 



7. Macroscopic and Microscopic Characters of 

 Cypeipedium villosum, C. insigne maulei, 



AND C. NITANS. 

 (Plate 34, figs. 205, 206, and 207. Tables J, 58 to 62; I, 7 and 

 Summaries, Chart F 8.) 



General Descriptions. 



(For description of C. villosum (seed parent) see 

 page 817.) 



Data for the following descriptions were obtained 

 from Veitch (Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, II, 33, 

 93), Reichenbach (Gardeners' Chronicle, 1878, 389), 

 Engler (Pflanzenreich rv, Th. 50, 95, 74; Floral 

 Magazine, 1861, Table 57), and Sander (Orchid Guide, 

 45,41). 



C. insigne maulei (Pollen Parent). — Leaves linear- 

 ligulate, bifid at the apex, green on upper surface with a 

 few small pale-purple specks on the lower surface at the 

 very base, youngest leaf short, erect, inclosing the base of 

 the flower-stalk. Flower-stalk shorter than the leaves, 

 dark purple and hairy ; bract compressed, green with pur- 

 ple dots almost as long as the purple pubescent ovary. 

 Flower, dorsal sepal oval, lateral margins revolute toward 

 the base, apical one bent forwards, apple-green at basal 

 and central area, with many brownish-purple spots 

 arranged more or less regularly along the main veins, 

 white above this green area ; anterior sepal ovate, acute, 

 pale yellowish green with a few purple spots arranged 

 in lines over the veins at the base ; petals with wavy mar- 

 gin, yellowish-brownish-green with rather dull brownish- 

 purple veins; labellum yellowish green shaded with 

 brown ; column yellow with short purple hairs ; staminode 

 yellowish with an orange-yellow tubercle at the center. 



C. nitens (Hybrid). — Leaves linear-oblong, bifid at 

 apex, keeled beneath, green above, dotted below at the 

 base for a short distance with small purple dots, last leaf 

 much shorter than others, erect, sheathing more or less 

 the flower-stalk. Flower-stalk slender, erect, green with 

 many purple hairs; bract compressed, green with a few 

 purple dots at base, inclosing about three-fourths of the 

 purple dotted and hairy greenish ovary. Flower, dorsal 

 sepal apple-green with white margin, rows of spots pres- 

 ent over the veins, large and brownish black on the green 

 background and small and purple above this on the white 

 area; anterior sepal yellowish green with 2 rows of pur- 

 ple dots along the 2 median veins, darker than in C. 

 insigne maulei; the petals long with wavy margins, yel- 

 lowish brown with reddish-brown veins and glossy; the 

 labellum yellowish green, shaded with purple-brown, and 

 reddish brown toward the anterior; column short and 

 hairy ; staminode yellow with a bright yellow tubercle. 



Comparisons of the Macroscopic Characters. 

 Leaf. 



The leaves are longer and wider in G. villosum than in 

 C. insigne maulei, and shorter and narrower in the hybrid 

 than in either parent. (Table J 58.) 



The leaves of C. villosum have, on the lower surface at 

 the base of the leaf, small dull brownish-purple dots. 

 In C. insigne maulei, the dots are less numerous, are 

 smaller than in G. villosum, and are of paler purple. In 

 0. nitens the dots are larger and darker than in C. insigne 

 maulei, but, not as large as in G. villosum. The dotted 

 area extends up the leaf for a much greater distance in 

 G. villosum than in C. i?isigne maulei and a little further 

 up in C. nitans than in C. insigne maulei. (Table J 58.) 



In all of the plants the youngest leaf is somewhat 

 shortened, embracing the base of the flower-stalk. In 

 G. villosum it is not so much shortened as in G. insigne 

 maulei, and though in length in the hybrid between the 

 parents it is much nearer 6". insigne maulei than C. vil- 

 losum. The amount of shortening shown by comparing 

 the length of the youngest leaf with the average length 

 of the leaves is much less in C. villosum, in which the 

 ratio of the shortened leaf to the average length of the 

 leaves is 4 : 5, than in C. insigne maulei in which the ratio 

 is 1:2. In the hybrid the ratio is 2:3, between those 

 of the parents, nearly mid-intermediate. (Table J 58.) 



C. insigne maulei flowers in December, G. villosum 

 in February ; the hybrid in December, very shortly after 

 C. insigne maulei. 



Flower-stalk. 



The flower-stalk is 1.8/*. long in C. villosum, 15.5/t in 

 C. insigne maulei, and 18.5/t in the hybrid. 



The color of the flower-stalk is grass-green with long 

 purple and colorless hairs in C. villosum; dark purple 

 and hairy in C. insigne maulei; and pale green in C. 

 nitens, duller than in C. villosum and with purple hairs. 

 At the top of the flower-stalk is a compressed bract 

 which surrounds the base of the ovary. They are pale 

 green with purple spots extending along the veins. It is 

 longer in C. villosum than in C. insigne maulei, and 

 though between the parents in length in the hybrid, it is 

 much nearer G. insigne maulei than C. villosum. It 

 incloses almost the entire ovary in C. villosum, not quite 

 as much as in C. insigne maulei, and a little more than 

 half in the hybrid. (Table J 58.) 



The ovary is also longer in G. villosum than in C. in- 

 signe maulei, and longer in the hybrid than in either 

 parent. (Table J 58.) 



The color of the ovary is pale green with a few purple 

 specks and many long purple hairs in C. villosum; purple 

 and hairy in C. insigne maulei; and green with purple 

 dots and hairs in the hybrid. 



The dorsal sepal is a little longer and wider in C. 

 villosum than in C. insigne maulei, and larger in both 

 dimensions in the hybrid than in either parent. (Table 

 J 58.) 



In G. villosum the color of the entire base of the dorsal 

 sepal is a deep red-brown, running up along the veins to 

 the middle of the sepal ; the rest, except for a narrow 

 white margin, is a rather deep shade of green. In G. 

 insigne maulei it is apple-green at the basal and central 

 parts, with dull brownish-purple spots arranged more 

 or less regularly along the main veins; upper portion 

 white. In C. nitens it is a deeper green than in C. in- 

 signe maulei, but the color does not extend so far up and 

 the spots are of a darker brownish-purple, and arranged 

 more regularly along the main veins; upper half white. 



The anterior sepal is longer and wider in G. villosum 

 than in C. insigne maulei. In the hybrid the length 



