830 



MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS OF PLANTS. 



parent, and while in length between those of the parents 

 they are nearer those of C. insigne maulei than of 

 C. villosum. (Table J 59.) 



Sections of the lower epidermis from the apex, mid- 

 dle, and base of the leaf were examined. At the apex 

 the cells are somewhat hexagonal or elongated hexagonal, 

 with rather thick walls and a thick cuticle. They are 

 larger in C. villosum than in C. insigne maulei, and 

 larger in the hybrid than in either parent. (Table J 59.) 

 Stomata are present on the lower epidermis — 9.2 in 

 0. villosum, 13.2 in C. insigne maulei, and 9.1 in C. 

 nitens. 



The lower epidermal cells at the middle of the leaf 

 are larger in C. villosum than in C. insigne maulei, and 

 between those of the parents in the hybrid, though nearer 

 C. insigne maulei in length and almost identical with 

 C. villosum in width. (Table J 59.) 



Stomata are less numerous in C. villosum (7.7) than 

 in C. insigne maulei, and between the parents in the 

 hybrid, but nearer C. villosum. 



The number of stomata in the lower epidermis at the 

 middle of the leaf is C. villosum 7.7, C. insigne maulei 

 11.6, C. nitens 8.4. 



The lower epidermal cells at the base of the leaf are 

 elongated hexagonal, with thick walls and a thick cuticle. 

 They are larger in C. villosum than in C. insigne maulei, 

 and between those of the parents in the hybrid, being 

 nearer C. villosum in length and C. insigne maulei in 

 width. (Table J 59.) 



Stomata are absent in the lower epidermis at the base 

 of the leaf. 



The average size of the lower epidermal cells for the 

 ivhole leaf is greater in C. villosum than in C. insigne 

 maulei. In the hybrid, while between those of the 

 parents, it is nearer C. villosum than C. insigne maulei. 

 In C. villosum-, at the base of the leaf on the lower 

 surface, are dull brownish-purple dots, due to 5 or 6 

 grouped cells being filled with a red-purple sap. In 0. 

 insigne maulei there are a very few pale purple specks, 

 due to a few single scattered cells that contain a dull 

 purple sap. In C. nitens the dots are larger and darker 

 than in C. insigne maulei, due to a dull purple sap in a 

 few grouped cells. 



Transverse sections of leaves of the same age were 

 taken at a point midway between the apex and the base. 

 The upper epidermal cells have on their outer surface 

 a layer of wax. The cuticle and layer of wax are 

 thicker in C. villosum than in C. insigne maulei, and 

 narrower in the hybrid than in either parent. The epi- 

 dermal cells, elongated in depth to form an aqueous tis- 

 sue, are not as deep in C. villosum as in C. insigne maulei, 

 and not as deep in the hybrid as in either parent. (Plate 

 34, figs. 203, 205, 206, and 207. Table J 59.) 



The lower epidermal cells directly beneath the mid- 

 rib bundle were compared as to thickness of outer wall 

 and size. The outer wall (cuticle and wax) is thicker 

 in C. villosum than in C. insigne maulei, and not as thick 

 in the hybrid as in either parent. The cells of C. vil- 

 losum are deeper but not as wide as those of C. insigne 

 maulei. In the hybrid they are deeper and narrower 

 than in either parent. (Table J 59.) 



Between the elongated upper epidermal cells and 

 the lower epidermal cells are several layers of small, 

 rounded, chlorophyll-containing cells in which are em- 



bedded the midrib bundle. The midrib bundle is larger 

 in C. villosum than in C. insigne maulei, but deeper and 

 wider in the hybrid than in either parent, though the 

 depth is only a very little greater in the hybrid than in 

 C. villosum. (Table J 59.) 



The thickness of the transverse sections at the region 

 of the midrib was also compared in the three plants. 

 The leaf was found to be thicker in C. villosum than in 

 O. insigne maulei, and between the two in the hybrid, 

 though nearer C. villosum than C. insigne maulei. (Table 

 J 59.) 



Table J 59. 



Sections of the epidermis of the flower-stalk were 

 taken just below the ovary and at a point midway between 

 the ovary and the base of the flower-stalk. Just below 

 the ovary the cells are rectangular, with rather thin, 

 lateral walls and a thick cuticle on the outer surfaces. 

 The cells are larger in C. villosum than in C. insigne 

 maulei, and are shorter in the hybrid than in either 



