ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA. 297 



Zuili archeolog}^ still awaits an explorer who will do as much for it 

 as has Fewkes for the Hopi. A vast and untouched field lies south of 

 Zuni, and complex migration problems cluster around the headwaters 

 of the Gila, Salt, and Little Colorado rivers. In much of this region, 

 on account of the work of untrained explorers and curio hunters, it is 

 too late to do more than secure what the}^ have left or to trace the 

 material to private or museum collections for the purpose of study. 



INTERIOR SAWMILL. 



Leaving Forestdale a reconnissance was made to Fort Apache, fol- 

 lowing the road south from Coolej^s. A cave in a lava bed near Inte- 

 rior Sawmill was examined, but no evidence of occupation found. A 

 short distance from the Interior Sawmill a small pueblo yielded on 

 excavation a few pieces of gray ware, a large flaring bowl in fine coil- 

 ing, a stone hammer (Plate 14, fig. 1), a bone tool splendidly engraved 

 (Plate 14, fig. 2), and a skull. Farther south along White Mountain 

 River a number df rectangular pueblos were seen, but no excavations 

 made. From the surface relics these ruins appear to be poor and the 

 pottery, gray, red, and coiled, of inferior quality. Having secured 

 photographs and ethnological data from the Apaches and made botan- 

 ical collections, the party returned north, excavating for half a day at 

 Snowflake, where a small ruin yielded a few pieces of gray and red ware 

 and a skeleton. * 



LINDEN. 



Near Linden, Navajo County, Arizona, some 45 miles south of Hol- 

 brook, there is a large ruin, locally called Pottery Hill, lying on the 

 north side of the watershed near the divide between the Salt and Little 

 (Colorado rivers. This part of the White Mountain Plateau presents 

 a series of beautiful park-like expanses between low ridges, well grassed 

 and studded with large pines and clumps of stunted oaks. At this 

 elevation in the White Mountains the humidity is sufficient in favor- 

 able seasons to admit of dry farming. Stock raising and dairying is 

 the main occupation of the people. The soil, formed by the decompo- 

 sition of carboniferous sandstone, limestone, and shales is fairly rich. 

 Vegetation i^ abundant; after the summer rains and the melting of 

 the snow in spring myriads of flowers appear. 



It will be seen that the environment would be favorable to the 

 maintenance of the prehistoric people who lived here, furnishing 

 wood for fuel and construction, useful plants, clay for the potter, and 

 stone for the builder. Game abounded and wild bees yielded honey. 

 In this locality, however, there are no springs, the water sinking and 

 necessitating at present its impounding \n ravines. A few wells have 

 been dug at Linden, but the water is scantv and unpalatable. 



The ruins (Plate 15) are situated on a ridge bounding the southern 



