ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA. 311 



the stones, and near the altar is a fire box lined with slabs and tilled 

 with calcined fragments of volcanic rock. Three small house sites are 

 located to the east of this ruin. Near the southern house a single 

 burial was discovered, containing four pieces of pottery, some shell 

 beads, and a few turquois pendants. Near the northern group of 

 houses and at the south end of the main pueblo are fire boxes of the 

 usual form. 



The distribution of interments in the cemetery brings out the fact that 

 the area at the end of the mound due northeast of the pueblo contained 

 the remains of the well-to-do members of the tribe placed deep in the 

 ground and surrounded with valuable things, while on the outskirts 

 the poor were buried in shallow earth without slabs and with only a 

 broken vessel or a fragment beside them, the part standing for the 

 whole. An interment in the favored spot may be described as typical 

 of a burial of the better class. After removing the surface soil, clean 

 earth was encountered intentionally mixed with fragments of charcoal. 

 This earth was quite dr}^ and solid and, had not charcoal been present, 

 might have seemed unfavorable. At 6 feet upright stone slabs were 

 encountered, and these being disengaged and lifted out were found to 

 cover a rectangular cist, at 7 feet, cut out in the side wall of the excava- 

 tion, and the marks of a wedge-pointed tool, probably a digging stick, 

 were preserved in the hard white marl. The cist contained a skeleton 

 at length, and with it were hundreds of small beads of calcite and 

 olivella shells, a shell bracelet, a bone awl, fragments of pahos and 

 matting, and nine pieces of pottery, some of them remarkably fine and 

 unique as to decoration. (See Plates 48, 49.) Fragments of eagle egg- 

 shells were also taken from this grave. In another burial a rod of 

 wood extended the whole length of the grave. The wood was decayed, 

 but the object was evidently a bow. In the cemetery awls of bone, 

 spherical hammers of chalcedony, arrow-shaft smoothers, and smooth- 

 ing stones were encountered. Metates were few in number. The 

 absence of worked stone axes and the scarcity of arrowheads was 

 notable. Beads and ornaments of stone and shell, iron and copper 

 paint were common. Corn, squash seed, fragments of matting, coiled 

 basketr}^, and cord, the latter apparently of yucca fiber knotted, were 

 secured from ruin No. 1. An interesting tablet of sandstone, hav- 

 ing a rain-cloud design in black drawn across the face, was excavated 

 from the cemetery. Such tablets are rare. (Plate 42, fig. 2. ) The pipes 

 or "cloud blowers," twelve in number, from the shrine are fine exam- 

 ples of stonework. (See Plate 52, figs. 7-9.) An awl made of hard, 

 dark wood with carved head, from this cemetery, is unlike any other 

 known to the writer. From a grave near the concretion shrine the 

 skull of a dog was taken. The pottery, which was abundant in this 

 ruin, will be considered with the finds from the whole group further 

 on, as will also the osteological remains. 



