ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK TN ARIZONA. 315 



The paste of the tiner red wurci is of selected clay tiring to a brown- 

 ish yellow color. This was covered with a thick slip of red; the 

 natural color of the paste is seen on the exterior of the bowls figui'ed 

 in Plate AS. The paste of the rugose vessels and plain red bowls is 

 coarse, firing to dark gra}^ on fractured edges. Most of the bowls are 

 slipped with red, as not many clays give a good })ody color. The 

 paste shows no admixture of pulverized fragments of potter}^ as does 

 that of Zuni, nothing more appearing than small pebbles, etc., which 

 were impurities in the clay. 



^. Gray ware. — From a cist grave in ruin 1 is a large deep gray bowl 

 with striking ornamentation on the interior (Plate 50, fig. 2). The 

 ornamentation and deep form of this bowl are unusual, the hatching 

 of the design is like Zuni. There is no exterior decoration. The 

 paste is granular with small quartz pebbles. The vessel has been 

 slipped with kaolin, and this process has been carried out on the other 

 vessels for the reason that a better finish and whiter ware may be 

 secured by clay Isevigated of coarse particles in water, forming slip 

 or wash. Another gray bowl of thin ware with paste similar to the 

 one just described is an excellent example of the highest skill of the 

 potter (Plate 50, fig. 1). The pattern is a fret formed of small trape- 

 zoids produced by crossing diagonally accuratel}^ drawn lines, giving 

 the effect of mosaic. On the field in the bottom of the bowl is painted 

 with great skill a frog. The frog is a symbol of water and its sym- 

 bolic use is widely diffused in the Pueblo region, carved in shell, 

 formed in clay, worked in turquoise mosaic or painted on pottery. 

 The treatment of the frog on this bowl is similar to that on the ware 

 of the Navajo Springs region, of which an example was collected at 

 Kintiel, an ancient Zuni ruin 32 miles north of Navaho Springs, in 

 1896, b}^ Dr. J. Walter Fewkes and the writer. 



Mention should be made of a bowl with handle, a large dipper with 

 rattle handle having a swastika on the interior of the bowl surrounded 

 with a wedge design and a small oblong vessel with square orifice, at 

 the four angles of which holes are drilled for the cords, terminating in 

 feathers, which are tied to certain ceremonial vessels of the Zuni and 

 Hopi.« 



The presence in modern pueblos of articles of pottery, basketr}^, 

 etc. , a long distance from their place of origin is often noted and is 

 due to the primitive commerce that has been carried on from tilne 

 immemorial among the pueblo tribes. Necessarily from the perish- 

 able nature of many of the articles of trade, excavations in the ruins do 

 not often yield instances of interchange. An interesting example was, 

 however, secured in the Canyon Butte ruins in shape of a handled 

 vase of gray ware with white decoration in brown on the body and 



« J. Walter Fewkes, Journal of American Archjaeology and Ethnology, IV, p. 43, 

 Boston, 1894. 



