ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA. 317 



ruins of Tusayan. Larger tubes of stone of similar forms to the 

 pipes are supposed to have been used for blowing clouds of smoke on 

 sacred meal and during the ceremonies to the cardinal points. This 

 must have been attended with some difficulty in practice. The smaller 

 pipes are undoubtedly designed for smoking. In many of those from 

 the Petrified Forest region a definite bowl has been worked out (Plate 

 52, fig. 8); a number show an hour-glass section, caused by boring 

 from either end, and in some the tube is smoothly bored. Forms of 

 these pipes are shown in Plate 52, figs. 7, 8, and 9; figs. 1 and 2 are 

 from Scorse Ranch. An interesting specimen from the Milk}^ Wash 

 ruin shows the application of a bone stem to a small lava pipe bowl 

 (Plate 52, fig. 3). The stem fits snugly against a septum of baked 

 clay inside the bore, and forms the bottom of the bowl, which has 

 been cut out as in fig. 8. Attention is particularly called to this fea- 

 ture, as the use of a stem with the ancient stone tubular pipe has not 

 before been noted. 



Another specimen of unique form is from the Metate ruin (Plate 

 52, fig. 6). The material is of the fine-grained reddish sandstone of 

 the region. The lower end of the pipe has been worked out as a stem 

 or for the securing of a wooden stem, as in the pipes of the Hupa 

 Indians of California. 



The Tusayan pottery pipes, from their material, offer much more 

 latitude in construction and ornament than those of lava, the latter 

 sometimes showing a pit-shape depression or a row of such pits as 

 decoration. In general these pipes are fusiform, with bowl worked 

 out in the end and a central bore opened through the tube with a 

 slender stick while the clay is green. Frequently these pipes are dec- 

 orated with dark-brown color. Occasionally the tube is bent slightly. 

 The specimen (Plate 52, fig. 5) is of pottery, extremely well made, 

 and polished, the color dark brown. It was found at Awatobi in a 

 vase with a number of similar specimens, and was presented by Mr. 

 Julius Wetzler, of Holbrook, Arizona. The squared stem and globu- 

 lar bowl mark a greater differentiation than is observed in the more 

 ancient tubular forms. The pipes of clay and stone used by the Hopi 

 in their ceremonies at present show a variety of forms from the simple 

 tube to shapes approximating the European pipe. Man}^ of these 

 pipes are curved or bent to as great an angle as would be consistent 

 with punching the orifice through from both ends, and often they are 

 modeled in the shape of animals. No pipes showing this degree of 

 elaboration are found in the ancient pueblo ruins. 



ADAMANA. 



Near Adamana Station, on the Santa Fe Railroad, is a large stone 

 ruin 150 feet square, two rooms deep, surrounding an open court hav- 

 ing a single gateway to the north. The scanty debris and the almost 



