320 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



cla}^ around the interior of the bowl. The pipe thus resembles in form 

 the tubular pipes of the Hupa Indians of California.^ 



Strangely enough, the ancients of Milky Hollow possessed stoves, 

 a number of which were seen near the house groups. They consist of 

 two slabs of stone set up parallel in the ground about 8 inches apart, 

 and across one end at right angles was a movable slab having a round 

 hole 3 to 4 inches in diameter cut through it. No cover stone was 

 seen in place, but such slab usually lay close by. The slabs were red- 

 dened and smoked by the action of the fire. It is evident that the 

 perforated slab was an arrangement for regulating the draft, an 

 essential matter in open-air fires in this windy region, where on many 

 days the camper has to dig a pit for his fire and throw up a mound of 

 earth to the leeward in order to i educe the difficulties of cooking. 

 The position of the stoves near the houses and their number indicate 

 that they were for domestic purposes, either for cooking wafer bread, 

 in the manner of the Hopi and Zuiii, or as a primitive andiron on 

 which the pots could be conveniently set. Mrs. M. C. Stevenson 

 informs me that the Zuni have a similar device, which may be termed 

 a fire altar. 



It does not seem possible to classif}^ the people of Milky Wash ruin 

 from the data at hand. It may be affirmed, however, that they were 

 a people of low state of culture, not related to the tribes occupying 

 the known pueblos of this region, unless it be the Metate ruin. 



STONE AXE. 



This ruin, so named from the number of actinolite axes found on 

 the surface by cowboys, lies 4i miles east of the Central Petrified 

 Forest, on the north slope, near the divide between the Puerco and 

 Little Colorado rivers, 30 miles east of Holbrook (see Map, Plate 38). 

 The road from Adamana to Cart's Tank and the Long H Ranch 

 passes near the ruin, and the Black Knoll, a landscape feature of 

 the region, stands a few miles from it to the north. The Milky 

 Hollow ruin lies 4i miles to the east, and the Metate ruin, oppo- 

 site the Petrified Bridge, an equal distance to the west. The country 

 is high, rolling prairie, draining into washes leading to the Puerco. 

 The elevations are sand ridges or low hills showing outcrop of Triassic 

 fossils. There are no springs, permanent water being found only 

 below the bed of the wash, near the Petrified Bridge. After a rain 

 storm, water stands for a tinie in natural mud-lined reservoirs in the 

 draws. The region of the Stone Axe is treeless, and there is little 

 animal life. As there is no building stone, the ruin presents only 

 mounds of ill-defined outline on the point of a ridge between two small 

 washes. A surve}^ of the ground shows four rectangular mounds facing 



» 0, T. Mason, The Ea^ Collection, Eeport, Smithsonian Institution, 1886, pi. xvi. 



