322 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



on a tablet of wood; beyond this, very little turquoise came to light. 

 The collection secured here was small, though v^aried. Of stone, there 

 are axes of actinolite (Plate 55, fig. 8), a material prized by the ancient 

 Hopi and Zuni; spherical battering hammers of fossil wood; rubbing 

 stones like those from California (Plate 55, fig. 10); arrow smoothers 

 of lava (Plate 55, fig. 9) and limestone (Plate 55, fig. 7); cylinders, 

 disks, and spheres of sandstone (Plate 55, figs. 4, 5, and 6), probably 

 used in games; drills, arrowheads, and knives of chalcedony and obsid- 

 ian (Plate 55, figs. 1, 2, and 3); and tubular pipes of lava. Of shell 

 there are gorgets of different shape cut from large shells or formed 

 by merely polishing and perforating a sea shell (Plate 56, figs. 1, 2, 3, 

 5, and 6); a few olivella beads and small beads of cylindrical form. 

 Of bone, there are awls, knives, tubes, and notably a whistle and a 

 notched scapula, the former of eagle wing bone (Plate 56, fig. 2) with 

 a hole cut through the wall near the middle where a small lump of 

 pitch was inserted into the canal to produce a sound as in the whistles 

 of the Kiowas and other plains' tribes, and found also among the 

 present Hopi. The notched scapula (Plate 56, fig. 11) is from the 

 deer. The instrument is still in use for ceremonial nmsic among vari- 

 ous existing pueblos and tribes of northern Mexico, and is played by 

 laying it across a gourd or jar and scraping the notches with a stick.^ 



Some obsidian was found at Stone Axe, but no arrowheads or 

 implements of this material were seen. Vesicular lava was worked 

 into spheres, cylinders, and pipes. Fossil wood and limestone were 

 employed for hammers, scrapers, axes, arrowheads, etc. In this con- 

 nection should be noticed a fragment of a limestone axe having scores 

 on the side, w^hich brings to mind similar specimens from Biddahoo- 

 chee and Chevlon. Metates and hand stones were numerous and well 

 worked out, the material being red and gray freestone. 



Green, red, yellow, and dark brown paint stones, the latter of spec- 

 ular iron ore used by the Hopi in ceremonies, were collected. 



Remains of textiles were seen. Fragments of pahos were observed 

 during the excavations, but they were not numerous. 



The pottery of this ruin proves very interesting and gives the most 

 important indication that the former inhabitants of Stone Axe were 

 related to the Hopi. This fact is an important contribution to our 

 knowledge of the migration of this people, as it was not anticipated 

 that traces of them would be found in this region. This ruin is about 

 70 miles east of Homolobi, a group of Hopi ruins near Winslow, 

 explored by Dr. Fewkes and the writer in 1896, and 50 miles southeast 

 of the new group of Hopi ruins near Biddahoochee, which were dis- 

 covered by the writer during the autumn of 1901. (See p. 326.) 



The pottery presents greater variety than that of the ancient pueblos 

 in the vicinity of the Hopi towns of Tusayan, which are characterized 



« Third Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 394. 



