ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WOKK IN ARIZONA. 333 



of Keams Canyon School (Plate 82). Beginning on the west, the 

 Hopi name the ruins Awatobi (Great and Little), Kawaiokuh, Chak- 

 pahu, Nesheptanga, and Kokopnyama, and on the south side of the 

 valley, opposite the latter, Lululongturqui. Several smaller ruins are 

 interspersed among the larger ruins, principally on the mesa top some 

 distance from the edge; a few lie on the southern side of the valley. 

 The cultivable tracts along the wash are strewn with potsherds. 



Previous to 1901 the only Jettyto ruin scientifically explored was 

 Awatobi, excavated by Dr. Fewkes," and subsequently by Dr. Frank 

 Russell, of Harvard University. Plans of the larger ruins on the 

 northwest side of Jettyto Valley were made by Victor Mindeleff.* His 

 ''Mishiptonga" is Kawaiokuh; "Bat House" is Chakpahu: "Horn 

 House" is Kokopnyama wrongly located; "a small ruin between Horn 

 House and Bat House" is Nesheptanga. The ruin south of Kokopn}^- 

 ama, called Lululongturqui, is not described. It may be said that the 

 examination of most of these ruins is attended with hardships because 

 of the lack of water. Awatobi still has fine springs, and this fact, 

 coupled with its accessibility, would sooner or later have led to its 

 excavation. Water can be had within 1^ miles from Kokopnyama, 

 also. The lack of water, however, has not prevented the Navaho 

 tearing the Jettyto ruins to pieces in search of pottery for the trader. 



The first Jettyto ruin worked by the Museum-Gates expedition was 

 Kokopnyama, a Hopi name meaning "firewood people."^ The 

 Navaho name is Delcalsacat, "wild gourd," and the name gi^^en it by 

 white people is "Cottonwood ruin," from the trees, growing in one 

 spot near by. It is located on a low, easily accessible mesa near 

 Maupin's store, at Mormon John's spring, 2i miles east of Keams Can- 

 yon School, and so far as known is the easternmost of the Jettyto 

 Valley ruins and one of the largest.'^ 



The ruin is commandingly located on the mesa top, aftording an 

 extensive view over the valley below and over the country toward 

 Keams Canyon (Plate 83). In the distance the Hopi Buttes fret the 

 horizon with their remarkable outlines. Juniper and pin3^on trees and 

 an occasional oak clothe the top and flanks of the mesa. Large juni- 

 pers grow near the ruins, but no trees occup}^ the zone of habitation. 

 The location of the ancient spring is marked by four cotton wood trees 

 growing close against the mesa; much digging near these trees has 

 been done by Navaho in a futile search for water. Toward the val- 

 ley the zone of potter}^ fragments extends for more than a mile, and 



« Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology; Report, 

 Smithsonian Institution, 1895; American Anthropologist, Oct., 1893. 



& Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. 



cThis name refers to the clans which lived here and is probably not the ancient 

 designation of the village. 



^For Mindeleff's plan see Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 

 pi. VII, and brief description, p. 50. 



