334 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



beneath the village, heaped up against the mesa, is a great talus of house 

 refuse. To the east of the site are sand dunes from 10 to 30 feet high, 

 among which fine specimens of juniper flourish. Vegetation is scanty 

 on the mesa, Bigelovia graveolens protecting Tradescantia scoj>ulorwn 

 and other small herbs from browsing animals. On the talus below the 

 mesa the customary Hopi berry bushes, Lycimn jjallidmii and Rihes 

 ceremn, thrive. 



An examination of Mindeleff's plan will show the lack of order in 

 the accretion of house groups going to make up this pueblo, due in 

 great part to the configuration of the margin of the mesa. The rear 

 wall is the onl}^ uniform feature; the intermediate area seems to have 

 been built over in a haphazard manner. 



Portions of the pueblo were formerly at least four stories in height 

 above the spring and along that section. Below the mesa many houses 

 were built among the rocks, where excavation exposed walls running 

 irregularly on account of the nature of the ground. Places of burial 

 were found in these houses and under the rocks and in crevices, as is 

 now customary in the latter case at the Hopi pueblos. 



No walls remain standing on the ruin, and there are no traces of 

 house beams. ^^ Excavation in the rooms showed walls rather poorly 

 built of coarse soft sandstone laid in mud. Many of the rooms were 

 plastered. 



A group of lower rooms 7 feet square on the edge of the mesa 

 above the spring and having the mesa as a floor were excavated. The 

 walls were chinked with small stones; the fire hole was on the floor at 

 the southwest. Small, low doors or openings between the rooms were 

 noticed. On the floor lay lumps of clay, paint, flat mealing stones, 

 small mortars, etc. The pottery in these rooms was altogether gray 

 and red, a fact to be noticed later. No subterranean kiva could be 

 found here or in any of the Jettyto ruins examined. Such kivas 

 existed at Awatobi, however. 



Scattered over the surface are vast numbers of potshards, almost 

 invariably of yellow ware, many pieces showing interesting symbolism. 

 At one spot near the edge of the mesa pottery was burned, leaving 

 heaps of cinders and ashes. Lignite was used as fuel, the debris filling 

 the houses and falling below the mesa, being largel}^ composed of coal 

 ashes derived from burning '' bony" lignite. At the foot of the mesa 

 south of the wash is a vein of pure coal 7 feet thick, and at this point 

 is abundant evidence of pottery burning. Some fragments of vessels 

 picked up had clinkers fused to the surface, and specimens of pottery 

 burned to the hardness of stoneware occurred in the debris. 



On a bench of the mesa a fire box was seen near a series of "gardens" 



« A number of beams from Awatobi are incorporated in the houses of Hano and 

 Walpi. Some of these may be seen in Nampeo's house at Hano. They were secured 

 by her husband, Lesu. 



