ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA. 337 



deep gorge to the west. The ruin was surveyed by Victor Mindeleff 

 in 1885.^ The prominent features of the ruin are the defensive wall 

 and the great court or plaza which overlooks the gorge. No walls are 

 standing, and the house plans can in few cases be traced among the 

 mounds of rubbish. Vast quantities of potshards are mingled with 

 the debris. The ware is of the finest quality, the best in texture and 

 decoration to be seen on any ruin in Tusayan. The prevalence of frag- 

 ments of large napif orm vases at Chakpahu is noteworthy. The shards 

 are bright and fresh looking as though recent. Many superb speci- 

 mens from this ruin have gone into the various collections made by 

 Mr. T. V. Keam. The cemeteries, which were in the debris between 

 the houses and the mesa, have been rifled by Navaho. In 1893 the 

 spring below the mesa was dug out by the Navaho, and many vases 

 and vessels of various forms, like those found by the Museum-Gates 

 expedition at Kawaiokuh, were encountered. A short account of this 

 find, with illustration, was published by James Mooney.^ 



A ruin furnishing yellow ware is said to exist on the south side of 

 the valley, nearly opposite Chakpahu, where Maupin^s new road 

 descends the mesa. The ruin was not seen, but some specimens were 

 bought of Navaho, one a canteen in yellow ware, with ancient deco- 

 rations, and shaped like those used by the Hopi. 



KOKOPNYAMA. 



Theie is at Kokopnyama, as may be expected, a preponderance of 

 useful forms in pottery, represented by bowls, vases, dippers, cups, 

 and cooking utensils. Large water vases, with rugose surface, without 

 decoration, are also represented here, but in limited numbers. The 

 concave disks of pottery, with holes punched around the edge, are 

 almost lacking at Kokopnj^ama. It is conjectured that these objects 

 may have been used as revolving rests for ware during the process of 

 manufacture, as are the tabipi or bottom forms, employed by the pot- 

 ters of Hano at present. A portion of this customary imperforated 

 disk, with clay still attached to the concave surface, was found in this 

 ruin. 



A vessel of very thick ware, showing traces of tire, is believed to 

 have been a brazier, in which coals were kept alight. I have observed 

 such vessels in use among the Zuni. 



Small objects of pottery were somewhat numerous, such as toy cups 

 and bowls, frequently unbaked and showing the touches of childish 

 fingers; a rattle with perforated globe, clay balls, to}^ dippers, and a 

 number of animal handles representing the wildcat, badger, mountain 

 sheep, wolf, etc. One of thes'e, probably a wolf, is covered with a 



« Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau Ethnology, p. 52 (map faces p. 26). 

 & American Anthropologist, July, 1893, p. 283, 



NAT MUS 1901 22 



