ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA. 339 



ceous clay, and white from decomposed chalky limestone. Several 

 fragments of dark brown iron ore showing marks of rubbing are 

 examples of the stone used by potters for the brown pigment. 



Bones of small animals were very scarce in the debris. Those 

 found were principally of the two species of rabbit. Bones of the 

 dog, fox, eagle, and turkey were also observed. 



Numerous specimens of textiles were discovered in the cemetery 

 during the excavations at Kokopnyama. Matting of twilled weaving 

 was commonly employed to envelop the body preparatory to burial. 

 In contact with the body also was found a very interesting textile, if 

 so it may be called, but more resembling a rather thick felt of downy 

 feathers, presumably of the eagle. This cloth was usual 1}^ found on 

 the face of the dead and is never of large extent. It may have been 

 a mask of down for which cotton was substituted at a later period. 

 Dr Fewkes mentions mortuary masks of cotton as having been tradi- 

 tionally used by the Hopi. In one instance a twisted two-strand cord 

 of hair still binding masses of hair was found. (Plate 86, figs. 1 and 2.) 

 A number of specimens of coiled and wicker basketry were taken out. 

 (Plate 87.) The coiled basket is of close, fine work, and will be 

 described by Professor Mason in his forthcoming work on basketry. 

 The wicker basketry is of the ordinary type at present made at Oraibi. 

 Several knots tied in yucca-leaf strips are shown in Plate 97, fig. 2. 

 A thick lock of hair bound with yucca and saturated at the basal end 

 with red pigment, is thought to have been a brush, perhaps a brush 

 for producing spatter work on pottery. 



Beans of a long variety, corn, and squash seed and indistinguishable 

 remains of food were found with the dead. 



The absence of fetishes of worked stone is not unusual in the ruins 

 of northeastern Arizona, but the absence of pahos with the interments 

 at Kokopnyama is remarkable. It must not be said, however, that 

 the Kokop people did not employ pahos, for the most important ceme- 

 tery, which has either been swept away or is yet undiscovered, may 

 have contained them. Still, the lack of pahos with the burials in the 

 extensive ash talus of the pueblos must be taken as positive evidence, 

 proving a considerable variance from the neighboring pueblos to the 

 west in this respect. 



KAWAIOKUH. 



This very large ruin is situated much as Chakpahu, on the top of 

 the mesa between two gorges. It lies a short distance to the west of 

 the Keams Canyon road, where it reaches the level of the mesa, 2 or 3 

 miles above Jetty to Spring at the ''Rock House." (See Plate 82.) 

 Communication is rather easy over the level mesa to Awatobi, near 

 which is a Hopi settlement around a fine spring. 



Kawaiokuh has a commanding position, giving an extended view up 



