344 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



the shaft and the latter drawn to and fro through the channel. Small 

 cup-shape mortars of coarse sandstone were found at Kawaiokuh and 

 a slab of fine-grain sandstone with shallow cavity in which iron paint 

 had been triturated. Pottery-smoothing stones are numerous, and 

 small slabs of fine grit wood opal, used presumably in stone working, 

 were picked up. There were also cylinders of coarse stone, probably 

 employed as rasps. 



Ornaments in form of round and oblong tablets of red-clay stone 

 like that used at Kokopnyama are shown (Plate 96, figs. 1-3). A 

 drilled tablet of buff limestone is also shown (Plate 96, fig. 4). A 

 small object of hematite, neatly carved to represent a wolf and having 

 a hole drilled through it for suspension, is probablv a fetish (Plate 

 96, fig. 6). 



The arrowheads at this site differ ver}^ much in size from slender 

 specimens three-fourths of an inch in length to those 2i inches in 

 length. Man}^ of them are serrated; such arrowheads are common 

 in northeastern Arizona. The materials are various —chert, quartzite, 

 quartz, agate, jasper, obsidian, and chalcedony. A number of knives 

 were collected, mostly rudel}^ chipped, though some show rather good 

 work. Scrapers consisting of irregular spalls of chert, chalcedony, 

 and obsidian worked on one edge are numerous. Obsidian is more 

 plentiful at Kawaiokuh than at the neighboring ruins. Several per- 

 fectly formed chips found in the debris are believed to have been 

 used as minature mirrors. The Navaho are familiar with such use 

 of obsidian flakes. 



No crystals of quartz commonly found in the pueblo ruins were 

 observed at Kawaiokuh. A few beads of fine turquoise were picked 

 up in the debris, but no specimens were placed in the graves. 



Several chipped fragments of vitreous stone, some of which seem to 

 have been fused, were thought to be artificial, or rather to have been 

 produced by accident in burning pottery at a high heat.^ We have 

 seen that fused masses of green enamel sometimes occur on fragments 

 of pottery among the ashes at the pottery-burning places, and suggest 

 that the people of Kawaiokuh were near to the independent discovery 

 of glass. 



Objects of shell are comparatively few at Kawaiokuh, although 

 there is much more here than at Kokopnyama. Among the specimens 

 secured were a fragment of shell pendant, a fragment of amulet drilled 

 for a pendant, conus and olivella tinklers, a small circlet cut from a 

 pectunculus shell, and a circular ornament with scalloped edge having 

 a hole cut through the center. 



Small bone awls like those used by the Hopi for basket work and 

 sewing are common. Tubes of bird bone and of a few deer bones cut 

 off with flint were collected. One of these tubes has a hole cut through 



« This mass has been tested by Dr. George P. Merrill and is found to be a slag. 



