346 REPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



Mr. C. L. Owen, of the Field Columbian Museum exploring- part} , took 

 out many hundreds of these interesting objects, proving- that here is the 

 center of greatest prevalence of pahos. The origin of the custom can 

 not be ascertained as yet, nor is there data as to its extent in the Pueblo 

 region. Presumably the elaborate pahos were an accession from the 

 Rio Grande coming in with the complicated Katchina ceremonies. '^^ 



PERIODS OF TUSAYAN WARE. 



It may be well to notice here the characteristics of the ware of the 

 different periods as marked by the incoming clans. The settlements 

 of the first period are small and obscure and have not been excavated. 

 From surface indications, however, it is found that the ware is rather 

 coarse, and that there is a greater proportion of gray and red ware 

 than in later ruins. The small sites showing only gray ware and red 

 ware have been mentioned, and these may indicate earl}^ clans with the 

 technic of the San Juan region. To the north and west of Tusayan 

 such ruins are numerous, coming close down upon the area of the yel- 

 low ware. The traditional Hopi ruins at Black Falls, discovered by 

 Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, are of this class.* The decoration of this ware 

 is geometric, and animal forms or symbolic figures are almost lacking. 



The second period begins with the initial coming of the clans from 

 the south. These people are well represented at Homolobi, near Wins- 

 low, Arizona, where exist a group of ruins explored by Dr. J. Walter 

 Fewkes and the writer in 1896, and the group near Biddahoochee, 

 described in this paper (p. 326). Here we rind a considerable diversity 

 of color and quality of ware. The fine yellow ware is well represented, 

 but we have gray ware, red ware, polychrome ware, and coiled vessels 

 with marked coiled decoration different from the obscure coiling of the 

 ruins near the Hopi mesas. ^ 



The decoration is geometric, but not derived from the same motives 

 as in the gray ware of northern localities. There is more fertility of 

 invention in handling motives which are in a transition from more com- 

 plex symbolic subjects in the main primarily realistic. This gives, for 

 example, the interior decoration of bowls a greater variety in the 

 matter of placing the design over the whole area, whereas in the black- 

 and-white northern ware the design is usually arranged in four areas 

 between the arms of a cross, leaving a square or circular field in the 



« Most of the traditions ascribe the introduction of prayer sticks to the Water House 

 people of the South. See Fewkes, Tusayan Migration Traditions, Nineteenth Annual 

 Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 



& American Anthropologist (n, s.), II, July-Sept., 1900. 



c The migration from the south has also been in progress for a considerable period, 

 extending up to comparatively recent times. It must be said, however, that these 

 clans brought with them pottery that appears to be more ancient in type than that 

 brought by the Rio Grande clans. 



