ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA. 347 



middle of the bowl f^carcely ever occupied by a .symbolic design. The 

 designs are almost invariably angular and rarely undertake the voluted 

 or curved designs of other regions. 



Invariably, also, the ancient Hopi ruins are richer in shell, turquoise, 

 and objects of aboriginal art than other ruins of the Southwest. 



The extent of the impress upon the Hopi of the art of the clans 

 coming from the south is not clear at present, as the ancient sites have 

 not been explored to any extent. In the summer of 1901 Dr. George 

 A. Dorsey and Mr. C. L. Owen, of the Field Columbian Museum, 

 excavated on the site of Old Walpi, the "Ash Heap," as it is called, 

 securing a large collection, which, when it is available, will probably 

 throw light on the transition period. 



It appears that comparatively recently the potter''s art died out 

 among the Hopi of the Middle and East Mesas and that by the law of 

 village specialization of an art, Oraibi retained the making of pottery 

 until shortly after 1872, when Dr. J. W. Powell visited the pueblo. 

 The later Oraibi art shows marked Zuni influences. The Tewans, 

 however, practiced the art uninterruptedly, and it has come to be that 

 the people of Hano are the only potters remaining in Tusayan, and 

 that finally, at the close of the fourth period, the pottery used by the 

 Hopi is of Rio Grande extraction, even though it has become thoroughly 

 debased, like many of the arts of the American Indians. Nampeo, 

 an intelligent Tewan woman, however, is endeavoring to revive the 

 glories of the former times. 



The third period, the golden age of Tusayan, begins with the great 

 migration from the Rio Grande. To this period belongs the splendid 

 ware procured by Dr. Fewkes at Sikyatki and Awatobi," the Keam 

 collections at Peabody and Chicago, and the collection from Jettj^to 

 Valley by the Museum-Gates expedition. 



In texture and decoration this pottery is the best in North America 

 and ranks with the finest of Mexico and Peru. In decoration it is 

 perhaps superior, for it must be remembered that the highest efforts 

 of the potter in those countries belong in the class of sculpture, which 

 is hardly represented in Tusayan, nor indeed in the Pueblo region, 

 except where it connects with the Mexican culture on the southern 

 border. 



The ware of Jettyto Valley is preponderantly yellow, ranging from 

 cream color to yellow ocher and occasionally reaching orange. Brown 

 and salmon color also occur, with a few sporadio examples of gray 

 and red. 



The texture of the ware is fine and homogeneous; the absence of 

 sand or degraissant is notable, which speaks well of the cretiiceous 

 clays that occur as partings in the sandstone rocks of the region. These 

 clays also contain little iron and that is such chemical form as to 



"Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Pt. 2. 



