352 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



it might be «aid that we have in the ancient inhabitants of Grand 

 Gulch the Shoshonean prototype of the northern clans of the Hopi, 

 or rather one of these clans in a state of modification as referred to. 



The subsequent history of the Hopi after the Snake and other early 

 clans settled in Tusayan is marked by the arrival of many clans from 

 various quarters, consolidating into the Hopi complex as we find it 

 to-day. 



The more important of these superadded elements were the Rain, 

 Lizard, and Rabbit groups of clans from the south, according to Dr. 

 Fewkes, which have been traced at Homolobi and Biddahoochee, and 

 the Badger, Horn, Tansy Mustard, and Katchina groups of clans from 

 the east. 



Attention is called in this connection to an interesting environ- 

 mental phase of the names of the clans, which seems to work out 

 beautifully in determining the location from whence they came. This 

 is that the clans coming from the north and northeast, from moun- 

 tainous regions where game abounds, bear the names of animals; while 

 those from the south, or from less rugged and more cultivable regions, 

 bear the names of plants, minor animals, or of the beneficent powers 

 of nature. The clans from the land of the agave and the yucca palms 

 lived in a milder environment and by the nature of things were more 

 civilized than the clans who were forced to depend largely on hunting 

 for subsistence. It will be seen that those facts must be taken in 

 account in the study of the composition of the Hopi. 



REMARKS. 

 TYPES OF BUILDINGS. 



It was found that in few of the pueblos south of the Jetty to Valley 

 examined by the Museum-Gates party of 1901 was there any care 

 taken to locate in an inaccessible or defensible position. The care was 

 rather to settle near the water supply, at a sufiicient elevation merely 

 to overlook the fields or to furnish a practicable site. 



As a rule, the plans of the fifty-five ruins examined are of the ordi- 

 nary rectangular type, offering little worthy of remark. The groups 

 in the White Mountain region, however, which show in part circular 

 plans, and some of the ruins of the Canyon Butte group, Avhich approach 

 this type, are interesting in connection with the range and affiliations 

 of the widespread clans who employed a style of decoration on gray 

 and red pottery that may be called the dual style, which will be dis- 

 cussed later (p. 354). 



DISTRIBUTION OF PUEBLO CULTURE. 



Last winter the writer presented a paper before the Anthropolog- 

 ical Society of Washington, giving a summary of the field work of the 



