354 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



one which peculiarl}^ belongs to the woman, who Professor O. T. Mason 

 has shown are the originators and zealous perpetuators of many of 

 the primitive arts. While without the evidence of the decorative 

 symbolism and forms of pottery and that of other artifacts found in 

 a ruin, it might not be thought advisable to depend on the color of the 

 ware alone; yet, bearing in mind the strong conservatism of custom, 

 this feature has classificatory value. Speaking now with regard to 

 the art alone, we ma}^ provisionally class the pueblo culture in pre- 

 sumable sequence of origin as that of the graj^-ware people, the yellow- 

 ware people, and the red-ware people. 



The region of gray ware is southern Utah, southern Colorado, 

 northern Arizona, and northern New Mexico, and its range is much 

 more extensive than that of any other class. The surviving people 

 making gray ware are the Zuni. 



The region of yellow ware embraces the Hopi Reservation and the 

 country south to the Lower Gila in the former range of the Hopi ; in 

 the southern portion of the region it occurs sparingly and crosses areas 

 of red and gray. Acoma, Sia, and perhaps some other Rio Grande 

 pueblos make ware which falls in this class. 



Ancient sites furnishing red ware exclusively are rare. Red ware 

 occurs in connection with gray, polychrome, and other classes. In 

 general, the region embraces the White and Mogollon mountains, 

 portions of the Gila, and has its focus in the Pima-Papago- Mohave 

 country in southern Arizona. 



RANGE OF DUAL DESIGN ON POTTERY. 



In this connection attention is called to a style of decoration found 

 almost altogether on gray pottery. The design is drawn in hachure 

 and solid color; these areas of decoration being very often comple- 

 mentary, suggesting the idea of duality. (See Plate 31, ligs. 3 and 4; 

 Plate 32, figs. 5 and 6, Scorse Ranch ruins, and Plate 51, Canyon Butte 

 Wash ruin^.) This design may be seen on the palaces of Mitla, where 

 it occurs in the frets figured by W. H. Holmes." It is believed that this 

 style of decoration may be of importance in determining the range and 

 affiliations of the tribes making use of it. An examination of the pot- 

 ter}^ of the existing pueblos shows that the dual or hachure design has 

 been perpetuated only at Zuni, and here also on the surviving repre- 

 sentative of the ancient gray ware, still the tjqiical pottery at Zuni. The 

 ruins of the Zuni pueblos which flourished at the time of the conquest 

 and the Zuili ruin of Kintiel, so far as we have observations upon them, 

 show this type of ware and decoration. The ruins south of Zuni to 

 the Rito Quemado; southwest, embracing the St. flohns-Springerville 



"Archaeological Studies Among the Ancient Cities of Mexico, Field Columbian 

 Museum, Anthropological Series, I, No. 1, Chicago, 1897, pp. 248-249. 



