356 REPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



interesting stage, that of transition from the realistic to the idealistic, 

 and various degrees of growth exhibiting examples of the origin of 

 symbols and their submergence into conventional and geometric forms. 

 The beginning, range, and decay of symbols, as well as the subjects 

 involved, form a fascinating chapter in the history of this region, a 

 history that gives, beyond all in importance, a clew to the thoughts 

 of the pueblo dwellers. 



It is hoped in a future paper to present an account of the symbols 

 occurring on objects collected in different localities by the Museum- 

 Gates expedition of 1901, in order to illustrate some of the points 

 mentioned above. The whole subject is too large for the efforts of 

 one person, and perhaps rendering the material accessible to students 

 may be the most valuable result accomplished in this instance. A few 

 of the best specimens showing symbolism are figured on Plates 98 to 

 101. 



DOMESTIC AND FOOD ANIMALS. 



A careful search for the bones of animals was maintained in the 

 excavations made in and around the sites examined during the season 

 of 1901. ^'^ This inquiry was pursued in order to ascertain what ani- 

 mals were used for food and what animals were domesticated by the 

 ancient inhabitants of this region. 



As to the first item, the rernains show that most of the animals of 

 the region were consumed as food; but, as might be anticipated, bones 

 of the carnivora are much rarer that those of the herbivora, the latter 

 represented by deer and rabbit species, and the former by the fox, 

 coyote, wolf, dog, raccoon, badger, wildcat, and puma, bat no bones 

 of the bear were observed. Remains of the beaver and small rodents, 

 and bones of birds, especially the turkey, eagle, hawk, and owl, were 

 noted. 



Remains of the dog and turkey were found in nearly every ruin, 

 showing the extent of the domestication of these animals in this region. 

 So far as can be determined, the dog and turkey were the only animals 

 domesticated by the pueblo tribes. It was hoped that light might 

 have been thrown upon the question of domestication of other animals, 

 namely, the deer,^ and an auchenia (llama), as affirmed by Gushing from 

 figurines found on the Rio Salado, in southern Arizona.^ The writer 



«Work of this character was begun in 1896, on the Homolobi ruins, and continued 

 in 1897 in connection with environmental studies in the Southwest. See Hough, 

 Environmental Interrelations in Arizona; American Anthropologist, XI, May, 1898, 

 p. 133; and J. W. Fewkes, Twentieth Annual Report of the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology. 



^Nadaillac, Prehistoric America, London, 1885, pp. 205, 219, affirms the domesti- 

 cation of the deer in Colorado and Arizona. 



^'See Dr. Washington Matthews, U. S. A. in Land of Sunshine (now Out West), 

 XII, March, 1900. 



