CHESTNUT BARK DISEASE. 423 



to be a saprophyte, but with weak parasitic tendencies. Both the 

 cultures and the inoculations we will discuss later in connection 

 with those of the true chestnut blight. 



From the name usually applied, Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) 

 Fr., it is seen that Schweinitz's Sphaeria gyrosa is considered 

 the original type of the species. Schweinitz, in his Fung. Car. 

 Sup., 1822, described this from Salem, N. C, on decaying bark 

 of knots and also living bark of Fagus and Juglans. There 

 is to-day some doubt about his correct determination of these 

 hosts. He sent specimens to Fries, who also described it in 

 his Syst. Myc. 2, p. 419, in 1823; and in his Elench. Fung. 2, 

 p. 84, in 1828, he compares it with specimens received from 

 Southern Europe. In 1845, Fries, in Summ. Veg. Scand., 

 created a new genus, Endothia, citing v$\ gyrosa of Schwei- 

 nitz as the type, and ever since then European botanists 

 have considered Endothia gyrosa of Europe to be the same 

 fungus as Sphaeria gyrosa, described by Schweinitz from 

 America. Some few have given Fuckel as a second author- 

 ity for the name, E. gyrosa (Schw.) Fckl., since that author 

 in his Sym. Myc. p. 226, in 1869, indicated that he was the 

 first to place this species under this genus, evidently con- 

 sidering that Fries had not properly placed it there, since he 

 did not really write the combination Endothia gyrosa. 



From the descriptions of both Schweinitz and Fries, it looks 

 as if Schweinitz collected only the Cytospora stage of this 

 fungus. This is further borne out by the fact that Schweinitzian 

 specimens examined by Farlow and Shear in this country and 

 Europe show only that stage. The original specimen of 

 Schweinitz at the Philadelphia Academy of Science has been 

 lost or misplaced, and in the original envelope is an entirely 

 different fungus, a Nectria sent by Torrey from New England, 

 which Schweinitz years afterwards apparently mistook to be 

 this species. The writer (10) found a misplaced specimen (in 

 another collection made by Schweinitz, now at the Philadelphia 

 Academy of Science), which probably is his original type, but 

 this also shows only the conidial stage. In the Curtis collection 

 at Harvard, however, there is a Schweinitzian specimen of 5". 

 gyrosa which, while in the conidial stage, has a drawing on the 

 envelope by Curtis of ascospores which are like those of this 



