ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND RELATED SPECIES. 5 



the typical perithecia with necks, whereas no perithecia have been 

 found in any of Schweinitz's specimens of /S. gyrosa examined by 

 the writers. Fries, in common with Schweinitz, regarded the pyc- 

 nidial cavities of 8. gyrosa as perithecia. When the pycnidia of 8. 

 gyrosa are mistaken for perithecia and compared with the real 

 perithecia of S. radicalis the differences appear marked. It was 

 therefore quite as natural for Fries to place the two species in 

 different genera as it had been for Schweinitz to place them in dif- 

 ferent tribes of the genus Sphaeria. Fries's mistake in describing 

 as perithecia the pycnidial cavities in the stroma of 8. gyrosa ex- 

 plains his reference to the asci as " ascis diffluentibus." Believing 

 that he had perithecia but finding no asci, he interpreted this as 

 indicating that they had disappeared. 



According to the plan of accepting only names originally applied 

 to the ascospore stage, this name would be invalid, as proposed by 

 Fries, and would be attributed to De Notaris, who placed the peri- 

 thecial form of Sphaeria radicalis Schw. in the genus and described 

 the ascospores. There is not the slightest question, however, in 

 regard to the identity of the different stages of this fungus and 

 their genetic connection, and the name Endothia has been almost 

 invariably applied to these two species in both stages. 



SYNONYMY. 



There are only two true generic synonyms of Endothia: En- 

 dothiella Saccardo, 1906 (71, p. 278) and Calopactis H. and P. 

 Sydow, 1913 (81, p. 82). Endothiella was based on Endothiella 

 gyrosa Sacc., which, according to authentic specimens from Saccardo, 

 is undoubtedly the pycnidial form of Endothia flicens as found in 

 Italy. Calopactis was based on C. singularis, the pycnidial condi- 

 tion of Endothia singularis (H. and P. Syd.) S. and S. Ascospore 

 cultures of this have not yet produced any pycnidia, but the proof 

 of the genetic connection of the two stages appears rather con- 

 clusive from the occurrence of pycnidia and perithecia in the same 

 stroma, as shown in Plate XII. Perithecial stromata and ascospores 

 were also found in the specimen of the Sydow exsiccati in the Patho- 

 logical and Mycological Collections of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 



Von Hohnel (43, p. 1479-1481) considers Cryphonectria Sacc. as a 

 synonym of Endothia, taking C. gyrosa (B. and Br.) as the type of 

 that genus because it is the first species listed by Saccardo in con- 

 nection with his description of the genus. Saccardo, however, had 

 previously established Cryphonectria as a subgenus, with C. abscon- 

 dita as the type, which is not an Endothia. Valsonectria is also con- 

 sidered by Von Hohnel a synonym of Endothia, but apparently he had 

 not compared specimens of Spegazzini's fungus, which is found upon 

 examination of the type species to be separate from Endothia. The 



