ENDOTHIA PARASTTICA AND RELATED SPECIES. 13 



fluens; the other two are more than 1 -septate and belong to some 

 other organism. Cesati and De Notaris, in 1863 (11), first definitely 

 referred Sphaeria radicalis Schw. to Endothia. Up to this time 

 Sphaeria gyrosa and Sphaeria radicalis were generally regarded by 

 mycologists as separate species and were placed by Schweinitz and 

 Fries in different groups of the genus Sphaeria, though they both 

 mention a similarity in external appearances. 



In 1863 the Tulasnes, in their epoch-making work on the fungi 

 (83, pp. 87-89), made a careful microscopic study of the specimens 

 from Schweinitz preserved in the Paris Museum and also specimens 

 received from De Notaris, Berkeley, and other collectors. At that 

 time no ascospores of Sphaeria gyrosa had apparently been described 

 by mycologists. The material of S. gyrosa from Schweinitz which 

 the Tulasnes found in the Paris Museum included the specimen on 

 Fagus which had been sent by Schweinitz to Brongniart. There 

 seems to be no evidence that the Tulasnes examined other specimens 

 from Schweinitz or that they examined any specimens showing asco- 

 spores of the true Sphaeria gyrosa. This is indicated by their de- 

 scription and measurements of the ascospores. From their studies of 

 Schweinitz's specimens and from other Carolina specimens sent them 

 by Berkeley they concluded that Spha&ria gyrosa and Sphaeria radi- 

 calis are the same species and called it Melogramma gyrosum. 



Fries (33, p ; p. 385-386) had earlier (1849) reported Sphaeria gyrosa 

 as occurring in southern Europe. This report was apparently based 

 upon specimens of pycnidial stromata of E. fluens, somewhat larger 

 and more irregular in shape than usual, collected in western France 

 by Guepin and Levieux and already referred to. 



The statement of the Tulasnes (83, pp. 84-89) in regard to the 

 identity of these species was accepted by practically all mycologists 

 down to 1912, when the discussion in regard to the origin and 

 relationships of Endothia parasitica commenced. Ellis and Ever- 

 hart in 1892 (26, p. 552) apparently figured the true E. gyrosa Schw. 

 but cited exsiccati of both E. gyrosa and E. fluens and gave the 

 ascospore characters and measurements of E. fluens, apparently 

 copied from Winter (85, p. 803), as the spores figured do not agree 

 with the description. 



THE SPECIES OF ENDOTHIA. 



ENDOTHIA Fries, 1849, Sum. Veg. Scand., p. 385. 1 



SYNONYMS : 



Endothiella Sacc., 1906, in Ann. Mycol., v. 4, no. 3, p. 273. Type species, 



E. gyrosa Sacc., 1 c. 

 Calopactis H. and P. Syd., 1912, in Ann. Mycol., v. 10, no. 1, p. 82. Type 



species, C. singularis, 1 c. 



1 All references to literature in synonymy are given in full in " Literature cited," p. 77. 



