14 BULLETIN 380, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Stromata subcorticular in origin, variable in size and shape, 

 pustular to subspherical, subcoriaceous to friable, sometimes con- 

 fluent, surface light auburn 1 or chestnut to mahogany red, capucine 

 yellow or cadmium orange to scarlet within; pycnidial and peri- 

 thecial stromata the same or similar ; pycnidia few to numerous, con- 

 sisting of simple cavities or complex and irregular chambers; 

 pycnospores minute, simple, bacilliform to oblong, yellowish to 

 reddish in mass; perithecia deeply immersed, in one or more irregu- 

 lar layers, usually black when mature, with long necks, black 

 within, colored like the stroma without ; asci clavate to oblong f usoid, 

 8-spored, usually without paraphyses; ascospores oblong fusoid or 

 subellipsoid to cylindric or allantoid cylindric, uniseptate or non- 

 septate, hyaline to pale yellowish. 



Section 1. Ascospores short cylindric to allantoid, continuous or 

 pseudoseptate. 



ENDOTHIA GYROSA (Schw.) Fries, 1849, Sum. Veg. Scand., p. 385. p. p. 



SYNONYMS : 



Pycnidia : Sphaeria gyrosa Schw., 1822, Syn. Fun.?. Car. Snp., p. 29, no. 24. 

 Peziza flammed Schw. (not. Alb. and Schw.), 1822, Syn. Fung. Car. Sup., 



p. 93, no. 41, p. p. ad Liquidambar. 

 Sphaeria gyrosa Fries, 1822, Syst. Mycol., v. 2, p. 419. 

 Peziza gyrosa Spreng., 1827, Syst. Veg., v. 4, pars. 1, p. 515. 

 Peziza cinnabarina Schw., 1832, Syn. Fung. Am. Bor., p. 173. 

 Melogramma gyrosum, L. R. and C. Tul., 1863, Selecta Fung. Carpol., t. 2, 



p. 87. p. p. min. 



Melogramma gyrosum M. A. Curtis, 1867, Cat. Indig. Nat. Plants, p. 143. 

 Endothia gyrosum (Tul.) Fckl., 1869, Symb. Mycol., p. 226, 

 Melogramma gyrosum Tul., Rav., 1879, Fung. Amer. Exs., no. 352. 

 Lachnella cinnabarina Sacc., 1889, Syll. Fung., v. 8, p. 399. 

 Perithecia : Sphaeria gyrosa Schw., Rav., 1852, Fung. Car. Exs., no. 49. 

 Melogramma gyrosum Tul., Cooke, 1878, in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., v. 1, no. 



5/6, p. 185. 



Endothia gyrosa Fckl., Sacc., 1882, Syll. Fung., v. 1, p. 601. p. p. min. 

 Endothia gyrosa Schw., Ell. and Ev., 1887, No. Amer. Fung. Exs., no. 1956. 

 Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Ell. and Ev., 1892, No. Amer. Pyren., p. 552, p. p. 

 Endothia radicalis (Schw.) Farl., Clint., 1912, in Science, n. s., v. 36, no. 



939, p. 908. 

 Endothia radicalis (Schw.) Shear, 1912, in Phytopathology, v. 2, no. 5, p. 



211. 



Endothia radicalis (Schw.) Fries, P. J. and H. W. And., 1912, in Phyto- 

 pathology, v. 2, no. 5, p. 210. 



TYPE SPECIMEN. The type in Herb. Schw. is wanting. A cotype is in Herb. 

 Museum of Paris. 



PYCNIDIA. Stromata corticular or subcorticular, pulvinate to tubercular, 

 rugulose, scattered or gregarious, occasionally confluent, 1.5 to 3 mm. in diame- 

 ter by 1.5 to 2 mm. high, orange chrome when young to chestnut when mature, 



1 In the following descriptions of cultures and elsewhere throughout this paper, the 

 names of colors are taken from Ridgway's recent work on color nomenclature (64). 



