ENDOTHIA PARASITIC A AND RELATED SPECIES. 15 



becoming almost black when old and weathered, cadmium orange within; 

 pycnidia consisting of numerous irregular labyrinthiform chambers in the 

 stroma, separated by walls of varying thickness and opening by irregular pores 

 in the surface of the stroma ; sporophores cylindric or slightly tapering toward 

 the apex, 6 to 9 /* long; pycnospores oblong, straight or sometimes slightly 

 curved, appearing hyaline when separate, warm buff to ochraceous buff or 

 darker, according to mass and moisture content, 3 to 4 by 1.5 to 2 //,. 



PERITHECIA. Stromata the same or similar to those producing pycnidia ; 

 perithecia dark, membranous, few to many, mostly 25 to 50, usually arising 

 in the lower portion of the stroma, 150 to 300 JM, in diameter, very irregularly 

 arranged in one to several layers, prolonged into slender necks which penetrate 

 the stroma above and sometimes protrude somewhat, terminating in a short 

 conical ostiole ; asci oblong fusoid or subclavate, very short stipitate, 25 to 30 

 by 6 to 7 fji ; ascospores irregularly biseriate, cylindric to allantoid, 7 to 11 by 

 2 to 3 p, mostly 7.5 to 10 by 2 to 2.5 n, hyaline when separate, slightly yellowish 

 in mass, with a very thin gelantinous envelope when mature. 



CULTURAL CHARACTERS. Cultures one month old on white corn meal show an 

 abundant thick growth of mycelium producing irregular tubercular masses 

 resembling pycnidial stromata, but without spores. The surface color is 

 capucine buff. The medium usually changes to perilla purple. It is distin- 

 guished from E. singularis, its nearest relative, by its more rapid growth and 

 the formation of the large tubercular masses. 



HOSTS. Exposed roots and branches : Quercus alba, Q. coccinea, Q. falcata, Q. 

 georgiana, Q. ilicifolia, Q. imbricaria, Q. marylandica, Q. nigra, Q. phellos, Q. 

 prinus, Q. rtibra-, Q. vclutina, Q. virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua, Fagus 

 americana and F. sylvatica cult, vars., Castanea dentata and cult, vars., and 

 Vitissp. (25). 



A specimen of this species collected by Ravenel has the host given as maple 

 (Acer), but microscopic examination shows it to be Liquidambar. 



TYPE LOCALITY. Salem, N. C. 



GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Southwestern Connecticut to central Michigan, 

 southward to Florida and Texas; also Kansas and California. 



ILLUSTRATIONS. Ell. and Ev., 1892, No. Amer. Pyren., pi. 36, fig. 68; Clint. 

 1913, in Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rpt, 1911, 1912, pi. 28, fig. a, d, and g. 



EXSICCATI. Pycnidia: Baker, PI. Pac. slope, 722, on Quercus agri folia; Rav. 

 Fung. Amer., 352, on Quercus. Perithecia : Ell. and Ev. No. Amer. Fung., 1956, 

 on Quercus ; Rav. Fung. .Car., 49, on Quercus and Liquidambar. 



ENDOTHIA SINGULARIS (H. and P. Syd.) S. and S. nov. comb. 



SYNONYMS : 

 Pycnidia : Calopactis singularis H. and P. Syd., 1912, in Ann. Mycol., vol. 10, 



no. 1, p. 82. 



Endothia gyrosa Ell. and Ev., in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 

 Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Fckl. Hohnel, 1913, in Sitzber, K. Akad. Wiss. 



[Vienna], Math. Naturw. Kl., Abt. 1, Bd. 122, Heft 2, p. 298. 

 TYPE SPECIMEN. H. and P. Syd., Fung. Exot, no. 88, on Q. gambellii. 

 PYCNIDIA. Stromata corticular, erumpent, depressed globose, sometimes ir- 

 regular, scattered, or gregarious, 3 to 5 mm. wide by 2 to 4 mm. high, outer wall 

 thick, coriaceous, becoming brittle, mahogany red without, scarlet within ; pyc- 

 nidia consisting of innumerable nearly spherical cavities throughout the stroma, 

 25 to 35 A* in diameter, the walls disintegrating into a powdery mass and the 

 whole set free by the irregular rupture of the stroma wall, usually leaving a cup- 

 like basal portion attached to the bark ; sporophores, according to the Sydows, 



