18 BULLETIN 380, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



pycnidial stromata and spore masses are distinguishing characters on this 

 medium. 



HOSTS. America : Exposed roots and branches of Q. alba, Q. coccinea, Q. 

 marylandica, Q. prinus, Q. rubra, Q. velutina, and Castanea dentata. Europe: 

 Specimens examined, Quercus pedunculata, Castanea sativa, Alnus glutinosa, 

 Ulmus campestris, Carpinus betula, and Corylus sp. Japan: Castanea sp. and 

 Pasania sp. It is also reported on Aesculus, Fagus, and Juglans by Traverse. 



TYPE LOCALITY. New Forest, England. 



GEOGKAPHICAL DISTBIBTJTTON. America: Southern Pennsylvania and Ohio to 

 South Carolina and northern Mississippi. Europe: Southern England, France, 

 South Germany, and Switzerland to southern Italy and Transcaucasia. Asia: 

 Japan. 



ILLUSTRATIONS. Sowerby, 1814, Col.^Fig. Engl. Fungi, Sup., pi. 438; Currey, 

 1858, in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22, pt. 3, pi. 47, fig. 89 (2 upper spores) ; 

 Ces. and De Not., 1863, in Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital., pi. 3 ; Sacc., 1873, in Atti 

 Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat. Paclova, v. 2, fasc. 1, pi. 14, fig. 63-65 ; Sacc., 1883, 

 Gen. Pyren., pi. 6, fig. 6 ; Ruhl., 1900, in Hedwigia, Bd. 39, pi. 2, fig. 10 ; Trav., 

 1906, in Soc. Bot. Ital. Fl. Ital. Cript, pars 1, v. 2, fasc. 1, p. 180, fig. 34 ; P. J. 

 and H. W. And., 1913, in Penn. Chestnut Tree Blight Com. Bui. 4, p. 22, fig. 2, 

 A and C ; Clint, 1913, in Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rpt, 1911-12, pi. 28, fig. b, e, 

 h, and j ; Petri, 1913, in Atti R. Accad. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat, 

 v. 22, sem. 1, fasc. 9, p. 656, fig. 1-3. 



EXSICCATI. Pycnidia : Thiim. Myc. Univ., 769, on Castanea ; Sacc. Myc. Ven., 

 670, on Carpinus betula; Sacc. Myc. Ven., 929, on Castanea. Perithecia : Fckl. 

 Fun. Nass., 640, on Ulmus campestris; Erb. Critt. Ital., 986, on Castanea; Rab. 

 Herb. Viv. Myc., 254, on Castanea. 



Roum. Fun. Sel. Gal., 989, labeled Endothia gyrosa Schw. on beech is appar- 

 ently young Hypoxylon coccineum. 



The most important synonyms given here have already been dis- 

 cussed. Of the others the writers have examined the types or col- 

 lections upon which the identifications were based. All the material 

 of Endothia in the herbaria of Cesati, De Notaris, Fuckel, and 

 Berkeley, as well as other smaller collections, has been carefully 

 studied. E. virginiana And. and And. has been studied in cultures, 

 as well as typical specimens from the authors of the species, and 

 agrees in every particular with E. fluens. 



Through the kindness of Dr. Petri a part of the type of his 

 E. pseudoradicalis has been examined, but unfortunately no cultures 

 could be obtained from the specimen. The writers have been unable 

 to distinguish his specimen from forms of E. fluens which appear to 

 show all the intermediate conditions of variation connecting it with 

 typical E. fluens. The ascospores of E. fluens are more variable in 

 size and shape than those of any other species of Endothia studied. 

 After examining many specimens of this species from Europe, it 

 does not seem possible at present to separate any of them. The case 

 of E. pseudoradicalis can not perhaps be regarded as closed until 

 more material of it has been collected and compared in culture. In 

 fact, the slide from the type of Sphaeria radwalis Schw. shows 

 ascospores of both the narrow and broad form. The photomicro- 



