CODLING MOTH IN CENTRAL APPALACHIAN REGION. 



21 



though not in numbers until July 11 to 14. Second-brood larvae were 

 probably beginning to enter the fruit about July 20 to 25 and were 

 leaving in numbers after August 25. 



INVESTIGATIONS AT WINCHESTER, VA. 



DESCRIPTION OF LOCALITY. 



Winchester, the county seat of Frederick County, Va., is one of the 

 principal shipping points for a large and well-developed apple-pro- 

 ducing territory in the northern part of the Shenandoah Valley. The 

 altitude of most of the country immediately surrounding Winchester 

 varies from 650 to 800 feet above sea level ; thus the relative variations 

 in elevation are not great and the seasonal conditions are fairly uni- 

 form for the whole section. The life-history studies of the codling 

 moth in this section for the seasons of 1912 and 1913 follow. 



In Table XV are included the emergence records of 94 moths that 

 issued at Winchester in the spring of 1912. 



INVESTIGATIONS IN 1912. 

 SPRING-BROOD MOTHS. 



TABLE XV. Emergence of spring-brood moths of the codling moth at 

 Winchester, Va., in 1912. (See fig. 12.) 



The first moth appeared in the laboratory rearing cages between 

 May 18 and 22, though observations indicate that moths emerged 

 several days earlier in the field. On the 24th of May eggs were rather 

 common in the orchard, and two newly hatched larvae were found 

 just entering apples. Certainly moths were emerging in the field, in 

 1912, not later than May 15. By May 30 first-brood larvae were ob- 

 served entering fruit in the orchard in considerable numbers. The 

 last spring-brood moth emerged June 27. 



The fruit was unusually large when attacked by the codling moth 

 in 1912, and it is of some interest to note that curculio cuts and rough 

 spots on the apples were more frequently used by the first-brood 

 larvse as points of entrance than was the calyx end of the fruit. 



The first of the 1912 summer or first-brood moths emerged on July 9. 

 Eggs were laid by moths in confinement on July 13, by moths emerg- 

 ing during the period from July 9 to 13, but since one moth issued 



