8 



BULLETIN 189, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 



It will be remembered that the work of 1912 did not include a 

 detailed account of the appearance of the spring brood. There was, 

 however, very good evidence that spring-brood emergence began 

 that season shortly after May 1. On the whole the seasonal condi- 

 tions of the spring of 1913 were slightly in advance of those of 1912, 

 and spring-brood moth emergence seems to have occurred about 10 

 days earlier in the former year. Moths began appearing in numbers 

 on April 27-30, and maximum emergence was reached on May 3. 

 Moths continued to issue in jars through May and part of June, 

 emergence ceasing June 11. It is probable that first-brood larvae 

 began feeding by May 1, or 12 days after the first moth appeared in 

 the rearing cages. 



FIRST-BROOD MOTHS. 



In 1913 the first of the first brood or summer brood of moths issued 

 on June 14, from material taken under the bands in the orchard on 

 June 5. However, emergence occurred in numbers on June 23 and 

 reached its maximum on July 8. On the whole the graph in figure 3 

 probably represents fairly well the time of appearance in the orchard 

 of the two broods of moths at Charlottesville in 1913. An occasional 

 second-brood larva may have begun feeding by June 25, but it is 

 probable that the insects were not entering the fruit in numbers 

 before July 1. 



TABLE IV. Emergence of first-brood moths of the codling moth at 

 Charlottesville, Va., in 1913. (See fig. 3.) 



BAND COLLECTIONS. 



At Charlottesville, as in the other parts of the central Appalachian 

 section, the short crop of fruit during the season of 1913 seriously 

 interfered with the work. After the dropping, which normally fol- 

 lows the feeding of the first brood, not enough fruit remained to 

 furnish food for the second-brood larvae, and the unusually small 

 numbers of larvse that appeared under the bands in the latter part 

 of the summer throw out of line completely the proportions of trans- 

 forming and wintering insects. The relatively small number of over- 

 wintering larvse given in Table V must be considered as unusual and 

 not as evidence of what occurs under normal conditions. 



