IMPORTANT PECAN INSECTS AND THEIR 

 CONTROL. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. Page. 



Insects injuring the nuts 3 Insects injuring foliage and shoots Contd. 



The pecan nut case-bearer 3 



The pecan shuckworm 9 



The pecan weevil 13 



Insects injuring the foliage and shoots 16 



The pecan leaf case-bearer 16 



The pecan cigar 'case-bearer 23 



The pecan bud-moth 25 



The fall webworm 27 



The walnut caterpillar 28 



The hickory phylloxera 31 



The little hickory aphid. 32 



Insects injuring the trunk and branches 33 



"White ants," or termites 33 



The oak or hickory cossid 35 



The flat-headed apple-tree borer 37 



The red-shouldered shot-hole borer 41 



The belted chion 42 



The hickory twig-girdler , 42 



The oak pruner 47 



Scale insects. . . 48 



pecan industry in the South has developed rapidly. This 

 development, however, has been accompanied by an important 

 increase in the number and destructiveness of the insects attacking 

 the crop. The loss to pecan growers from insect attacks has 

 amounted to hundreds of thousands of dollars annually, and in the 

 absence of preventive measures it is certain to increase. The pres- 

 ent bulletin gives results of studies of the more important pecan 

 insects by the Bureau of Entomology. 



INSECTS INJURING THE NUTS. 



THE PECAN NUT CASE-BEARER.i 



The pecan nut case-bearer, in its larval or ''worm" stage, attacks 

 for the most part the immature nuts and is capable of reducing the 

 crop greatly. During May, shortly after the nuts have set and when 

 they are not much larger than garden peas, the larvae will be found 

 boring into them, and at the point of attack casting out pellets of 

 frass, or borings, which are held together by means of fine silken 

 threads that form a short silk-lined tube. Nuts injured by this insect 

 always show the characteristic mass of frass protruding from the place 

 where the larvae gamed entrance, which is invariably near the junc- 

 tion of the base of the nut with the stem. During the early part of 

 the season, when the nuts are small, one larva will often destroy 

 several nuts before attaining its full growth. 



This nut case-bearer, as well as another species 2 that attacks the 

 pecan in a somewhat similar way, has often been reported as destroy- 

 ing from one-third to three-fourths of the total crop of wild pecans 



1 Acrobasis Jiebescella Hulst. Acrobasis caryivorella Rag. 



