IMPORTANT PECAN IXSKCTS AND THEIR CONTROL. 



21 



the middle of May and moths continue to 

 come forth until the first week in August. 

 Thus the life cycle of this insect, which 

 it will be seen covers the entire year, is 

 completed. 



CONTROL MEASURES. 



Although the pecan leaf case-bearer is 

 attacked by a number of parasitic insects, 

 it has been found that the parasites or 

 other natural enemies 1 can not be relied 

 upon to control this pest, but artificial 

 measures of control can bo instituted 

 successfully and practically to check its 

 ravages. 



FIG. 23. The pecan leaf case-bearer: Injury by 



FIG. 22. The pecan leaf case-bearer: 

 Eggs along midrib on lower surface 

 of pecan leaf. Enlarged. 



Investigations conducted during 

 the last three years show conclu- 

 sively that the pecan leaf case- 

 bearer can be controlled by spray- 

 ing with arsenate of lead during 

 the late summer. The arsenate 

 of lead should be used at the 

 rate of 1 pound of the powdered 

 or 2 pounds of the paste form to 

 each 50 gallons of water, to which 

 should be added 3 pounds of slaked 

 stone lime. Under no circum- 



'The following parasites have been reared from this 

 species: Itoplectis conqumtor Say, Triclistus apicalis 

 Cress., Calliephialtes grapholithae (Cress.), Pristomerus 

 sp., Macrocentrussp., Metearus sp., Habrobracon varia- 

 fti'ZwCush., Orgilus sp., Secodella acrobasis Cwfd., Spilo- 

 chalcis vittata (Fab.), Cerambycobius sp., Trichogramma 

 minutum Riley, Exorista sp., and Leskiomima tenera 

 "Wied. Three species of birds, namely, the blue jay, 



newly hatched larva? on lower surface of the mockingbird, and the orchard oriole, nave 



pecan leaf. Enlarged. 



observed feeding upon the larvae. 



