48 FARMERS' BULLETIN 843. 



which will be seen a more or less oval opening plugged with fine 

 shavings and sawdust. By way of contrast it may be stated that 

 the end of the twig that is cut off by the pecan twig-girdler always 

 presents at its center a more or less jagged surface. 



In brief, the seasonal history is as follows: The beetles (see fig. 

 58, b) usually appear during the spring or early part of the summer, 

 and the eggs are deposited in the leaf axils of the smaller twigs of 

 living trees. Upon hatching, the larva feeds upon the wood immedi- 

 ately under the bark, but later it bores into the heartwood, where it 

 makes an oval gallery several inches in length. (See fig. 58, at right.) 

 In the fall it cuts away the wood at the end of its gallery in such a 

 manner that the wind causes the twig to snap off. The larva (fig. 

 58, a) then proceeds to stop up the end of its channel with coarse 

 shavings. In the larval burrow within the fallen branch the pupa 

 is formed, either in the fall or early spring, and during the spring or 

 early summer the beetle makes its appearance in the pecan orchards. 

 Occasionally specimens of adults can be found in the pecan orchards 

 as early as April. 



CONTROL MEASURES. 



The remedy for this species is the same as that for the pecan twig- 

 girdler and consists in gathering the severed branches and burning 

 them during the winter. 



SCALE INSECTS. 



Fortunately for the pecan grower it is seldom, if ever, necessary 

 for him to spray his orchard trees for the control of scale insects, as 

 is the common practice in the growing of apples, peaches, and other 

 fruits. The pecan is not immune to attack by insects of this group, 

 but because of the limited infestation scale insects have not up to this 

 time (1917) come into the category of pests of first importance. When 

 scale insects are found to be present on pecan trees specimens should 

 be sent to the Bureau of Entomology for observation or to the State 

 agricultural experiment station. 



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