THE OLIVE INSECTS OF CALIFORNIA 



63 



beetle causes considerable damage in southern Europe by burrowing 

 into the older portions and the limbs of the olive trees. It is, how- 

 ever, primarily a pest of unhealthy or injured trees. 



16. Pliloeotribus scarabaeoides Bern. (Syn. P. oleae Fabr.). 

 Another bark-beetle which makes galleries in the branches and cuts 

 off the small twigs by its burrows. It is a serious pest in Italy. This 

 and the preceding beetle are closely related to the olive bark-beetle 

 recently discovered in California and discussed in this paper. 



Fig. 20. The olive tinea, Prays oleellus (Fab.), a, caterpillar; b, adult; c, 

 work of caterpillars in seeds; d, exit hole of the caterpillar in a fruit; e, webs 

 and work of caterpillars on buds and blossoms; / and g, work of the caterpillars 

 on the leaves of the olive. (Redrawn from Chapelle, Ruby, and Del Guercio.) 



17. The olive weevil, Rhynchites ruber Fairm. The adults feed 

 upon the tender leaves and tips of the young shoots and puncture the 

 young fruit. The larvae live in the seeds. It does serious damage 

 at times to the olive crop in Italy. 



18. The olive leaf -miner, Perrisia oleae Angelini (fig. 18). A 

 small cecidomyiid fly the maggots of which mine the leaves of the 

 olive trees in Italy. It is of little economic importance as a pest. 



19. The olive fly, Dacus oleae Rossi (fig. 19). This is undoubt- 

 edly the most serious pest of the olive to be found anywhere and it 

 is very fortunate that it has never gained access to this state. It 

 occurs in the olive-growing sections of southern Europe, Asiatic Tur- 

 key, Palestine and northern and southern Africa. The fly punctures 

 the fruit in which it deposits its eggs and within which the larvae 



