30 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMKNT STATION. 1917. 



cases the life history has been supplemented by material from 

 the author's private collection. The adults were identified part- 

 ly by Dr. T. H. McDunnough of Decatur, Illinois, and partly 

 by the author, while Dr. W. T. M. Forbes identified larvae of 

 several species. 



MORPHOLOGY. 



The pupae described here belong to the type known as ob- 

 tected pupae because all of the appendages are firmly soldered 

 to the body wall and have no power of independent movement. 

 In order to understand the following descriptions, the terms 

 used will be briefly described. 



A hypothetical pupa is shown in Fig. 2, A and B to which 

 reference will be made under the discussion of the different struc- 

 tures. 



THE HEAD 



Vertex. The vertex is found on the dorsal surface of the 

 head. In the pupae described here, it is confined to a small, 

 triangular area adjacent to each antenna (Fig. 2, B, v). The 

 vertex is bounded cephalad by the epicranial suture (Fig. 2, B, 

 es), but only a portion of each of the epicranial arms is visible. 



Front. The front (Fig. 2, A, f) is the sclerite to which the 

 antennae are attached. It is separated from the vertex, when 

 this is present, by the epicranial suture. The fronto-clypeal 

 suture is not present, but the front includes most of the ventral 

 surface of the head. 



Clypeus. This sclerite (Fig. 2, A, cl) cannot be definitely 

 bounded in specialized pupae. The invaginations for the an- 

 terior arms of the tentorium (Fig. 2, A, at) which are always dib- 

 tinct, are located along its lateral margin. 



Labrum. The labrum (Fig. 2, A, Ib) is caudad of the cly- 

 peus and is not separated from the clypeus by a suture. Its 

 other margins are always distinct. 



Eye-pieces. These are situated mesad of the antennae and 

 each is composed of two parts, a narrow smooth portion along 

 the mesal margin called the glazed eye-piece (Fig. 2, A, ge) and 

 a broader lateral portion called the sculptured eye-piece (Fig. 

 2, A, se). These are often hard to distinguish in smooth pupae. 



