lg FARMERS' BULLETIN 933. 



Directions for preparation. In preparing the stock mixture, the 

 soap should be put into a receptacle of about five gallons' capacity 

 and the oil added while the mixture is being vigorously stirred. It 

 is important that the oil be added in small quantities at first, and 

 that the stirring be sufficient to keep the oil and soap in the form of 

 an emulsion after each addition of oil. Thus, at first about a pint 

 of oil should be added to the soap and the mixture stirred until no 

 free oil appears. As the amount of oil is increased it should always 

 be stirred or mixed thoroughly before the next addition is made. 

 After the required amount of oil has been added and after free oil 

 has ceased to appear on top of the soap, the water is slowly poured 

 in, about 1 quart at a time. As previously stated, the only apparatus 

 required to make this formula in a small way is an ordinary gal- 

 vanized iron pail and a paddle. 



The foregoing formula may be modified under certain conditions, 

 as the quantity of soap will depend largely upon the time consumed 

 in adding the oil and the amount of stirring; the amount of soap 

 being lessened if the stirring be uniform and ample time be taken in 

 the careful preparation. 



If it be desired to make this formula on a large scale, a 300-gallon 

 cylindrical tank may be fitted with paddles, which are attached to a 

 shaft in a vertical position, occupying the center of the tank. The 

 shaft is fitted with a beveled gear on the upper end. A horizontal 

 shaft is then connected with the vertical shaft by means of another 

 beveled gear, while the other end has a pulley to connect with the 

 engine. A series of brakes should be fitted to the sides of the tank 

 to prevent the entire mass from turning around with the paddles. An 

 entire barrel of fish-oil soap may be placed in this tank and the 

 stirring begun at once. Two barrels of oil may then be run into 

 the soap through an inch or IJ-inch hole in the end of the barrel, or 

 the oil may be run out of the bung-hole. After the oil has been 

 added, either one-half or two-thirds of one barrel of water can be 

 added to complete the preparation of the stock solution. In the final 

 spray this should be so diluted as to contain about 1 per cent of oil 

 by adding 1 gallon of the stock solution to 50 gallons of water. 



It is also highly practicable to fit up a 50-gallon barrel in the same 

 way as described above for the 300-gallon tank. By attaching a 

 crank to the horizontal shaft the mixer can be run by hand instead 

 of by an engine. Such a mixer, designed and used by Mr. J. A. 

 Stevens, De Land, Fla., has been found practicable. The writer has 

 used an ice-cream freezer for making an emulsion, by removing the 

 can and adding a false bottom of 1-inch board to hold up the stirring 

 gears. In fact, many different types of mixers can be constructed, 

 depending on the material available and the scope of the work in- 

 volved. 



