APPENDIX. 53 



Douglas fir should be used even more extensively than at present In the 

 forestation work of the Service and its seed should be gathered in greater 

 quantity than that of any other species. 



ENGELMANN SPRUCE (Picea engclmanni). 



This is a characteristic tree of the Rocky Mountains, usually growing at 

 high altitudes. It is of secondary importance as a lumber tree, but produces 

 fairly heavy stands, and, like most trees of the Rockies, grows rather slowly. 

 It is of great importance in the protection of watersheds, and for that reason 

 is one of the trees which should be used in reforestation throughout the Rocky 

 Mountain States. 



Seed of Engelmann spruce, while not easily obtained, can be secured in 

 moderate quantities, and since the seeds are very small and of fair fertility, 

 only a small quantity is needed per acre in sowing. Much larger quantities of 

 Engelmann spruce seed should be gathered by the Forest Service in the future 

 than has been done in the past, and sowing should be conducted in the numerous 

 Engelmann spruce burns, particularly in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and along 

 the main range in Montana. 



EUCALYPTS. 



This genus is valuable because of its rapid growth and consequent early pro- 

 duction of firewood and more valuable products. The trees, however, grow only 

 in regions free from severe frosts, such as parts of California, Arizona, and 

 Florida. They do well on a great variety of soils, and they are practically 

 free from attack from fungi. 



Eucalyptus seedlings, when young, are very tender, and require care in the 

 nursery. They are set out in pure stands when a few months old. Natural 

 reproduction, noted even in young plantations, suggests the desirability of 

 thorough experiments in direct seeding. 



Trees of this genus are recommended for planting in the limited areas suit- 

 able for their growth in the Cleveland, Angeles, Santa Barbara, Monterey, and 

 Ocala National Forests. 



EUROPEAN LARCH (Lariat europaea). 



European larch is a desirable tree for commercial planting in the United 

 States. It is a rapid grower and produces heavy, hard, strong, flexible, and 

 very durable wood. It has been successfully grown in the United States from 

 New England to South Dakota, and south to Kansas and Virginia, to which 

 general region it is adapted for commercial planting. It does well in eastern 

 Washington also. European larch is rather fastidious in regard to soil, requir- 

 ing one that is deep, light, fresh, and well drained, and does not flourish in 

 swamps as does the American larch. It may be established by direct seeding, 

 or by planting 2-year-old seedlings or transplants from the nursery. It should 

 be, sown or planted in mixture with other species rather than pure, in a propor- 

 tion of one larch to three or more trees of other species, the trees being spaced 

 4 to 6 feet apart each way. 



European larch should be used in a limited way in reforestation work in the 

 Superior National Forest and in the Forests of central Idaho. 



THE HICKORIES. 



The hickories are very valuable because of the great strength and toaghness 

 of the wood. For vehicle manufacture and tool and implement handles the 

 wood is unequaled. The planting of the better species is therefore highly de- 



