APPENDIX. 55 



spots, spaced 4 to 6 feet each way, three or four acorns in each spot, and 

 covered with about 1 to 1 inches of earth. 



Red oak is a fairly prolific seeder, and the acorns can be easily collected from 

 the ground and by shaking the tree after several severe frosts in the fall. They 

 are quite bitter and are not as a rule relished by squirrels. Like most other 

 oaks, red oak is not subject to disease, and plantations require little or no care 

 after establishment. 



Red oak is being used quite extensively in reforestation work in the Arkansas 

 and Ozark National Forests, and merits thorough trial in a number of the 

 Forests of Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. 



RED PINE (Pinus resinosa). 



Red pine appoaches the white pine in value, the wood of the two species 

 being somewhat alike. Its growth, too, is rapid. It produces fairly dense 

 stands of timber of good quality, even on soils too poor for white pine. The 

 seed is borne very sparingly and is difficult to collect, so that it is too expensive 

 to use for direct seeding. As a rule, however, it will not be necessary to raise 

 the seedlings in a nursery, since where the tree occurs naturally there is a 

 plentiful supply of wild seedlings which it is easy to collect. Red pine is very 

 resistant to fire after it has reached the sapling stage. It should be planted 

 extensively in the Lake States, especially on the Michigan, Marquette, and 

 Minnesota National Forests. 



SCOTCH PINE (Pinus sylvestris). 



This species is one of the most important commercial trees abroad, and has 

 been found of some value in the northern United States. Its growth is rapid, 

 especially during the first 20 years. It produces moderately dense stands of 

 good lumber, and will grow on a variety of soils. Fungi do not damage it to 

 any considerable extent. Seed should be obtained from Scandinavia or Russia. 

 Seedlings are easy to raise, though seed may be sown in seed spots. The species 

 may be planted pure or in mixture with red pine, white pine, or European 

 larch. Scotch pine will grow in the Lake States and throughout the yellow-pine 

 region of the West. Its great hardiness and the low cost of the seed suggest 

 its use in reforestation. 



SITKA SPRUCE (Picea sitchensts). 



Sitka spruce is a large and important tree of the Pacific coast. Its range 

 extends from northwestern California to Alaska, but it is not found very far 

 inland. It occurs upon only a few of the National Forests, but within its range 

 is an exceedingly important species. It grows very rapidly, produces good 

 material, and is almost free from damage by insects and fungus. 1 Because of 

 the dense shade produced and the heavy rainfall in the region of its range, it 

 is unusually free from fire. 



The seed of Sitka spruce is easily obtained during seed years. Direct seed- 

 ing appears, therefore, to be the logical method for its artificial production. The 

 National Forests upon which it should be used extensively are the Siuslaw, the 

 Olympic, the Washington, and the Snoqualmie. 



SUGAR PINE (Pinus lambertiana) . 



Sugar pine attains the largest dimensions of any of the white-pine species. 

 It is a rapid grow r er, and produces wood of the same character and high 

 value as eastern white pine. It does not often grow in pure stands and forms 

 usually about 20 per cent of the stand in which it occurs. As long as there is 



!The tree may be attacked by the Sitka spruce weevil and by defoliating insects. (See 

 Bureau of Entomology Bui. 21, p. 918.)^ 



