The roots must not be allowed to become dry during the planting. 

 Even brief exposure of the roots to the sun and air will cause the 

 plants to die. 



The distance apart at which the trees should be planted depends 

 upon the character of the site and whether the pines are to be planted 

 in mixture with other trees or in a pure stand. The usual distance 

 is 6 by 6 feet apart. 



In pure plantations white pine produces excellent forest conditions, 

 but it is also adapted to growth with a number of other species of 

 which chestnut, European larch, Norway spruce, red oak, and hard 

 maple are the more important. Chestnut is a very desirable tree for 

 mixture with white pine on well-drained soils which are not calcareous, 

 but since the planting range of chestnut does not, except in Vermont 

 and New Hampshire, extend above the forty-second degree of lati- 

 tude, it can not be used in mixture except within a limited area. In 

 Pennsylvania, Michigan,' Wisconsin, Minnesota, and northern New 

 York white pine may be mixed with European larch, Norway spruce, 

 or hard maple, and on soils adapted to red oak the latter may be used 

 to advantage. In mixture with chestnut or European larch white 

 pine should constitute at least two-thirds of the stand, spaced accord- 

 ing to the following diagram : 



[6 feet by 6 feet.] 



P P S P P 



P S P P S 



S P P S P 



P P S P P 



p=white pine. S=chestnut or European larch. 



Mixed with other species, the stand should be composed of an equal 

 number of white mne and the associated species planted alternately. 



CULTIVATION AND CARE. 



The cultivation of white pine in plantations throughout the eastern 

 part of the United States is unnecessary. Persistent dead branches 

 should be removed when possible, but it is not advisable to prune live 

 ones. Where there is a demand for small material, the stand may be 

 profitably thinned at the age of 20 to 30 years, removing at this time 

 all suppressed or intermediate trees which are not needed in the stand 

 to shade the ground or to assist in naturally developing the large 

 trees. 



Fire must be kept out of stands, since the bark of young trees is 



[Cir. 67] 



