and the dirt packed down quite firmly. The holes should be dug 5 to 

 6 feet apart. The Chestnut will thrive in pure stands, but can be 

 grown to better advantage in mixtures. It is especially adapted for 

 planting with the White and Red Pine on waste land in New England, 

 and can also be combined with the oaks, ash, and maples. 



ENEMIES. 



The Chestnut as a forest tree is as a rule little troubled by insects or 

 fungi. Several forms of borers work in the wood and under the bark, 

 and their ravages are sometimes extensive. The nuts are attacked by 

 the larvae of two or more species of weevil, but to the timber grower 

 this is not serious. In case insects of any kind appear in alarming 

 numbers, specimens, accompanied by a detailed account of their 

 appearance and habits as far as determined, should be sent to the 

 Division of Entomology of the Department of Agriculture for identifi- 

 cation and suggestions as to their control. The trunks of the young 

 trees in warm situations are often affected by a body blight, or sun 

 scald, as it is called. The bark cracks and loosens on the south and 

 west sides of the tree, and the affected portion finally dies. The 

 extent of injury from this source is, however, not great. A new 

 disease of unknown cause has been doing considerable injury during the 

 past ten or fifteen years. 



POSSIBILITIES AND USES. 



For protective and commercial forest planting few eastern trees are 

 deserving of greater commendation than the Chestnut. Among our 

 long-lived hardwood trees it is difficult to find its equal in rapidity of 

 growth and ease of propagation on soils which are good or medium in 

 quality. It is amenable to various systems of forest management, 

 forms a vigorous coppice, yields a wood which is valuable for a variety 

 of uses, and produces a very valuable nut. 



The tree grows so extensively in the East that almost no planting 

 has been done except for ornament and for the production of the nuts. 

 In the West little Chestnut planting has been done because it is popu- 

 larly believed that the tree does not generally thrive west of the Missis- 

 sippi, but in Kansas, Nebraska, and Missouri the few trees that have 

 been started are doing well. 



PLANTATIONS. 



Mr. L. A. Goodman, of Kansas City, Mo., has two rows of Chestnut 

 trees on his estate in Westport. They were twice transplanted before 

 set out, were well cared for, and when 20 years old were 40 feet high, 

 with a spread of 28 feet. 



At Farlington, Kans., Chestnuts were set out with Black Cherry, Black 

 Locust, Black Walnut, and a few Catalpas, 4 feet apart each way. 

 They were set in 1882, and in 1895 were 3 inches in diameter breast 

 high and 28 feet high, and free from live branches for 10 or 15 feet. 



