during the first season, they should be allowed to stand in the nursery 

 until 2 years old before transplanting to the permanent site. The 

 root system is branching and fibrous, and for this reason the hack- 

 berry is easily transplanted. 



PLANTING. 



The young trees should be set 4 to 6 feet apart. The planter will 

 have to decide for himself whether it is more economical to purchase 

 the seedlings or grow them in a home nursery. If the young trees 

 cost more than $5 per thousand, the planting of the hackberry for 

 forest purposes is not likely to prove remunerative. 



Hackberry will do well when spaced rather closely, and thrives 

 either in mixtures or pure plantations. On the river bottoms of the 

 northern portion of the Middle Western States it forms a good asso- 

 ciate with such intolerant species as cottonwood, walnut, and ash. 



Hackberry is one of the best species of windbreaks on land too dry 

 for cottonwood in western Minnesota, North and South Dakota, and 

 northern Nebraska. The trees should be planted in a double row, 

 with the rows 3 feet apart and the trees 4 feet apart in the row. The 

 trees of the second row should be set opposite the middle of the spaces 

 separating those of the first row. 



On the plains of Oklahoma and Texas hackberry may be planted 

 pure or in mixture with cottonwood, ash, walnut, black locust, honey 

 locust, or Osage orange. 



CULTIVATIO-N AND CARE. 



After a plantation has been established, cultivation must be pro- 

 longed sufficiently to prevent the native grasses from gaining a foot- 

 hold. Weeds should not be permitted to crowd the young trees. The 

 plantations must be carefully protected against fire and grazing. 



Approved. 



JAMES WILSON, 



Secretary. 

 WASHINGTON, D. C., November %4, 1906. 



[Cir. 75] 



o 



