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Divisioii of Forestry- 

 University of Calif ornia 



Issued April 24, 1907. 



United States Department of Agriculture, 



FOREST SERVICE CIRCULAR 84. 



GIFFORD PINCHOT, Forester. 



FOREST PLANTING LEAFLET. 



WHITE ASH (Fraxinus americana). 



FORM AND SIZE. 



In the forest the white ash is a tall, slender tree with a smooth 

 bole, which is surmounted by a small open crown of stout upright 

 branches. The bole is often free from branches for more than half 

 its length. In the open the trunk usually divides a few feet above 

 the ground into several main branches, which form a graceful 

 rounded head, rather open and widest near the base. On the bot- 

 tom lands of the lower Ohio Valley, where the best development is 

 attained, the white ash occasionally reaches a height of 100 feet, 

 though in general it is a tree of medium size, with an average height 

 of from TO to 80 feet and a diameter of from 2 to 3 feet. The roots 

 penetrate deeply into loose soil, but where hindered by rocks or an 

 impenetrable substratum they develop an extensive lateral 'system. 



RANGE. 



The natural distribution of the white ash is from Nova Scotia and 

 Newfoundland to northern Florida, central Alabama, and Missis- 

 sippi, and westward to Ontario, northern Minnesota, eastern Ne- 

 braska, Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas (Trinity River). 



It seldom occurs in large masses, but usually as single individuals 

 or in groups among other hardwoods. The associate species include 

 many of the common hardwoods, such as the maples, elms, basswood, 

 birches, walnut, and oaks. 



The range for economic planting is from the valley of the Wabash 

 and Ohio rivers north and west through Indiana and Illinois to the 

 28380 No. 8407 M 



