of the nuts will be beneficial rather than injurious. The plants m 

 one year should attain a height of 12 to 14 inches, and may be trans- 

 planted to the permanent site in the spring when 1 year old. 



PLANTING. 



The plants may be set in furrows, or in holes dug with a spade, 

 care being taken to keep the roots from drying out, and to pack the 

 earth firmly around them. In general the better plan is to omit 

 nursery culture altogether and plant the nuts in their permanent 

 place in the plantation. Either fall or spring planting may be 

 practiced, but spring planting is usually best. 



In the East a furrow or a series of holes the proper distance apart 

 will be sufficient for the reception of the seeds. On the plains and 

 prairies of the West, greater care in preparing the soil is essential. 

 The sod should be broken, and the ground put in corn or some other 

 common crop for one or two years. The nuts may then be planted 

 in the spring in shallow furrows and covered with a plow to a depth 

 of 2 or 3 inches and the ground well firmed down. The rows should 

 be straight in at least one direction, to facilitate cultivation. The 

 spacing will vary in different localities. An interval of 6 or 8 feet 

 apart each way is recommended. 



Since the black walnut is a long-lived, light-demanding tree, it 

 may with advantage be combined in the plantation with a more 

 heavily foliaged species. The associate trees should be allowed to 

 grow until they clear the lower limbs from the walnut and stimulate 

 it to a rapid upward growth, when they should be removed and the 

 long-lived species left to finish its growth alone. Desirable trees for 

 such a mixture are the hardy catalpa, hackberry, Osage orange, and 

 boxelder. When the walnut and another species are thus combined, 

 the walnut should be given two to three years' start in order that it 

 may not be overtopped. 



CULTIVATION AND CARE. 



The plantation should be cultivated until the tops of the trees 

 meet. During the first three years corn may be grown between the 

 rows to give additional returns from the soil. 



[Cir. 88] 



