prairie States north of the fortieth parallel of latitude. The boxelder 

 forms the understory, shading the ground completely, while the rapid- 

 growing cotton wood, pushing up for light, produces the valuable tim- 

 ber. This mixture is not adapted to dry, high prairie land, and should 

 never be planted except where the roots of the trees can reach inex- 

 haustible supplies of moisture. These species endure without injury 

 the severe cold of Manitoba. 



Plat 14: has been planted 4 feet apart with Scotch pine and red cedar 

 in equal proportions. This mixture is suited to the humid upland 

 prairies of the Middle Western States east of the ninety-seventh 

 meridian. 



Plat 15 has been planted 4 feet by 8 feet with coft'ee-tree and black 

 walnut in equal proportions. This combination is suited to the fertile 

 river bottoms of the Middle Western States from southern Minnesota 

 to Texas. The wide spacing in one direction will allow of long- 

 continued cultivation, which with these species will be necessary; since 

 their open foliage, admitting a large amount of light, permits of 

 weedy growth on the forest floor. 



Plat 16 has been planted with common cottonwood 6 feet by 8 feet. 

 This method of planting is adapted to the sandy river banks of the 

 whole Mississippi Valley. The wide spacing permits long-continued 

 and thorough cultivation, which is necessary with light-foliaged trees 

 such as the cottonwood. The use of this species is recommended on 

 sandy land where inexhaustible supplies of moisture are within reach 

 of the roots of the trees, since the cottonwood will probably produce 

 more cubic feet of wood per acre in a given time than any other forest 

 tree adapted to the region. 



Plat 17 is planted with white willow 4 feet by 8 feet. The willow 

 is adapted to planting in the prairie States north of the forty-first 

 parallel, and makes its best growth on sandy river bottoms in situa- 

 tions very similar to those demanded by the cottonwood. For certain 

 purposes on the farm, willow timber is more useful than cottonwood; 

 since, when well seasoned, it may be used for poles or fence posts. 

 For this reason its planting in limited quantities is advisable. 



Plat 18 is planted with hardy catalpa 4 feet bj 7 8 feet. This species 

 is welt adapted to the rich river bottoms of the Middle Western States 

 south of the forty-first parallel. Its timber makes one of the best 

 fence posts known, and its rapid growth on good land causes it to be a 

 favorite species with planters. It has been recommended, however, 

 in many situations where its results will be disappointing. It will not 

 thrive on high, dry land with impermeable subsoils. 



Plat 19 has been planted 4 feet by 8 feet with black walnut and 

 hardy catalpa in equal proportions. The trees of this mixture are 

 well adapted to the fertile river bottoms of the Mississippi Valley south 

 of the forty-first parallel. The catalpa is recommended because of its 



