29 



The outside rows on the north and west sides are of pure Osage 

 orange, to furnish a windbreak for the catalpa. For the south wood- 

 lot the outside row on the south should be wholly Osage orange, for 

 the same reason. In this case the west side is protected by the shelter- 

 belt ; if it were not, the row on the west side should be Osage orange 

 also. Kussian mulberry may be substituted for the Osage orange, 

 either wholly or partially, as the planter chooses. 



On upland situations the best trees for the woodlot are Russian 

 mulberry, Osage orange, green ash, and black locust, with the same 

 spacing as in the valleys. Little except variety is gained by mixing 

 these species, and the matter may be left to the individual taste of the 

 planter. Since after a few years there w r ill be constant cutting in the 

 woodlot, thus affording an opportunity for weeds and grass to get a 

 foothold, cultivation should be kept up as long as possible. The trees 

 will be thriftier as a result, and reproduction from the stump will be 

 stronger. The 8- foot space between the rows allows easy cultivation, 

 and access for a wagon where cuttings are made. Cutting should be 

 selective instead of clean, the object being to improve the condition of 

 the plantation as well as to secure posts and wood. It is better to cut 

 a scrubby tree and let it sprout up again than to try to help it by 

 removing its healthier neighbors. A number of sprouts will start 

 from the stump the first season after cutting. At the beginning of 

 the second season all but the strongest one should be cut off, leaving 

 it to form the new T tree. 



ROADSIDE PLANTING. 



Both plans call for trees 2 rods apart along the driveways and 

 public road. These are a great improvement to the place, and are so 

 few in number that they will make little extra expense or work. 

 Whether the situation be valley or upland, the most suitable species 

 are honey locust, white elm, and Austrian pine. These should not be 

 mixed; a single row of trees appears better when it contains the 

 same species throughout. A small area should be cultivated around 

 each tree until it is thoroughly established. 



NOTES AND MEASUREMENTS. 



The material for the notes and measurements w r hich follow was 

 secured from typical examples of planted trees now growing in west- 

 ern Kansas and adjoining territory. The figures, however, should be 

 regarded as approximate and suggestive rather than as accurately 

 indicating what may be expected in any given case. Conditions dif- 

 fer so widely that it is impossible to lay down any fixed standard or 

 average rate of growth. The same species, which in one place planted 

 in a single row, reaches large diameters, forms in another a dense 



[Cir. 161.] 



