16 



BUB OAK. 



Bur oak is probably the most drought resistant of the native trees. 

 While other trees stick closely to the stream valley, this tree grows 

 along the bluffs. Occasionally there are groves of it upon the up- 

 land. 



It is a valuable long-lived tree, but has been neglected by planters 

 on account of an impression that it grows slowly. 



CATALPA. 



Catalpa is a popular post tree in various parts of the country. In 

 a suitable climate and on favorable situations it is a very profitable 

 tree. Like black walnut, it is hardy only in the southern part of this 

 region, and then only with protection from the north wind. As far 

 north as Turner County, S. Dak., protection becomes absolutely neces- 

 sary. 



BLACK WALNUT. 



The good qualities for which black walnut is famous are not 

 developed except in old trees. The species is hardy without pro- 

 tection only in the southern part of this region. With protection it 

 will grow as far north at least as Minnehaha Cqunty, S. Dak. Upon 

 the upland its growth is, however, too slow to make its planting 

 profitable. Its shading and protective values are slight. 



OTHER BBOADLEAF TREES. 



Black locust is drought resistant, but it is invariably and seriously 

 affected by borers, 6 even when quite small, and can endure the winters 

 only in the extreme southern part of the region. 



Although Lombardy and Russian poplars have been planted quite 

 extensively, they can be replaced by much better trees. Norway and 

 Carolina poplars are very similar. They have the rapid-growth char- 

 acteristic of the common cottonwood, of which they are considered 

 varieties, and are able, for a time at least, to grow in denser stand 

 than the latter. Both have been tried in different parts of the three 

 States. Hot winds scorch the bark of the exposed trees, and borers 

 are liable to perforate the stems so that young and slender trees are 

 easily broken by the wind. Butternut has no redeeming features. 



For a complete discussion of this tree the reader is referred to Forest 

 Service Bulletin No. 37, " The Hardy Catalpa." 



6 For recent information and remedies relating to the locust borer, see BuL 

 58, Parts I and III, Bureau of Entomology. 

 [Cir. 145] 



