19 



height of 120 feet and an age of 200 years. It produces a stout tap- 

 root, a trunk with smooth, yellow, papery bark and a crown with 

 stout branches, and short, light-green foliage. It is remarkable for the 

 rapidity of its growth and for its ability to resist heat, cold, drought, 

 and storm, and to grow in various soils. On account of these quali- 

 ties its range has been extended under cultivation over the greater 

 part of Europe and parts of Asia. Often it is the leading forest 

 tree. It is especially well adapted to the dry air and abundant sun- 

 shine of the plains. Its northern range is given as TO . The corre- 

 sponding latitude in North America lies at a distance of 1,642 miles 

 north of the northern boundary of North Dakota. This species has 

 been introduced into the United States, and occasionally a grove is 

 found growing upon the prairie with gratifying success. Its need 

 for light is here supplied, its powers of endurance have been tried by 

 the changing weather, and its rapid growth has been observed and 

 measured. Scotch pine is 33.5 feet high when 20 years old, and has an 

 average yearly height growth for that period of 1.68 feet as against 

 a height growth of 1.36 and 1.39 feet in boxelder and green ash. The 

 maximum annual height growth attained in any one grove of this 

 species was 3.75 feet and occurred between the ages of 7 and 8 years. 

 The trees were as high in two of the groves measured at 15 years as 

 in another grove at 21 years. The difference in growth seems to be 

 accounted for by the difference in character of the subsoil. In the 

 former two it is sandy ; in the latter it is loam or clay. The yield for 

 the Scotch pine groves is estimated to be equal to an annual net 

 return of $13.35 upon the upland as against 13 cents in boxelder, 

 $1.71 in green ash, $0.61 in silver maple, and $2.21 in cottonwood. 



Table 3 gives a comparison in rate of growth and yield between 

 our available data and those for the same tree grown from the best 

 quality of soil in European forests: 



TABLE 3. Comparison of height, growth, and yield of Scotch pine in America 



and Europe. 



HEIGHT. 



YIELD. 



Since a single grove fs here compared lor growth and yield with more general figures taken 

 from " Yield Tables for Pine," by Weise, the table should be taken relatively and as a sugges- 

 tion rather than in an absolute sense. 

 [Cir. 145] 



