trees is put and covered in the same way. The digging of the parallel 

 trenches is repeated and layers of trees are put in until all have been 

 heeled-in. (See fig. 1.) 



In the case of conifers care should be taken not to bury the foliage, 

 and either to choose a shady place for the young trees or to construct 

 a shade over them with brush or laths. 



The best time to plant trees is in the early spring, before the growth 

 begins. In general, planting should be done as soon as possible after 

 the frost is out of the ground. The trees should be carried to the 

 planting sites roots downward in a pail containing several inches of 

 water. They should be set in holes dug with a mattock. The width 

 and depth of the holes will depend on the character and size of the 

 plant's root system. In all tree planting it is of the greatest impor- 

 tance to press the 

 earth firmly about 

 the roots so that all 

 air spaces are filled. 

 The soil should not, 

 however, be packed 

 so hard as to be im- 

 pervious to water, 

 nor should the 

 earth be raised in a 

 mound about the 

 stem. 



Information re- 

 g a r d i n g general 

 nursery practice 

 and planting may be obtained from publications of the Forest Serv- 

 ice, which will be forwarded upon request addressed to the Forester. 



PROTECTION. 



Protection to forest plantations must be assured before success is 

 possible. Fire must be guarded against;, otherwise the investment is 

 likely to be a total loss. Local conditions must be such that the 

 danger from fire is reduced to a minimum. Cattle must be rigidly 

 excluded from the area planted, since grazing is decidedly injurious. 



Plantations should be carefully watched to detect the presence of 

 injurious insects. Insect damage should be reported promptly, and 

 specimens of insects which attack the seedlings should be mailed to 

 the Bureau of Entomology of the United States Department of Agri- 

 culture, which will identify them and suggest measures for their 

 control. 



[Cir. 100] 



FIG. 1. Heeling in young trees. 



