10 



furnish saw timber, while the bulk of the plantation will find ready 

 sale as box boards, pail staves, match blocks, wooden ware, and 

 straight cooperage. Where there is a demand for small material, 

 the stand may be profitably thinned at the age of 20 to 30 years. 



Because of its thin bark young white pine is very susceptible to 

 injury by fire. Between the fifth and twentieth years, however, the 

 greatest cause of injury to the white pine is the weevil, which, in the 

 grub stage, mines in the terminal shoot and causes a crooked stem. 

 Repeated attacks make the tree unmerchantable. 



RED PINE (Pinus resinosa). 



Red pine may be planted on situations similar to those recom- 

 mended for white pine. In form and rapidity of growth it is very 

 similar to white pine, and because of its freedom from insect injury 

 may sometimes profitably be substituted for it. The wood is val- 

 uable for all kinds of house lumber, and when chemically treated 

 makes good posts and ties. It is somewhat stronger than white pine, 

 and in the coal regions will be valuable for mine props. In most of 

 its qualities it is somewhat similar to the shortleaf pine of the South. 



Three-year-old transplants should be used and the trees planted 

 6 feet apart each way. Red pine is well adapted to pure plan- 

 tations, but it may be mixed with European larch, chestnut, red 

 oak, and sugar maple. The tree is very light demanding, and it is 

 essential that associated species should not suppress it. To prevent 

 this the other species should, in general, be of slower growth. 

 European larch, however, though it grows faster than red pine, is a 

 very desirable tree in mixture, since its crown casts little shade. 

 When planted with red pine it should never exceed a proportion of 

 one to three in the plantation. In all other mixtures red pine and 

 the associated species should be planted alternately, so that red pine 

 will make up half the stand. 



SCOTCH PINE (Pinus sylvestris). 



Scotch pine is native to Europe, though it has been planted to 

 some extent throughout the northern United States. It resembles 

 red pine, and although inferior to our white pine in many respects 

 will often prove an excellent substitute. It is indifferent to soil 

 requirements and is w r ell adapted to planting on sterile sands and in 

 exposed situations. 



In this country, except for fuel, no practical use has ever been made 

 of Scotch pine. Abroad it is one of the most important woods of 

 commerce and furnishes the famous " red " and " yellow " deals of the 



ICir. 100] 



